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CC2 > WK15: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring > Flashcards

WK15: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q

a clinical practice wherein you measure specific drugs or metabolites (breakdown products) at time intervals to maintain a relatively constant concentration of medication in the blood

A

TDM (therapeutic drug monitoring)

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2
Q

dose providing therapeutic benefits as statistically derived from observations in a healthy population

A

Standard dosage

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3
Q

6 rights of safe medication administration

A 
right: 
patient
medication
dose
time
route
documentation
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4
Q

measure of rate and extent to which the drug reaches the systemic circulation or reaches site of action

A

Bioavailability

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5
Q

Commonly described as what the body does to a drug

A

Pharmacokinetics

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6
Q

derived by collection a blood sample at any time after drug administration and measuring the amount of drug in a given volume of plasma of the sample

A

Drug concentration

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7
Q

Rate at which drug leaves the site of administration and

the extent to which this happens

A

Absorption

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8
Q

efers to the movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

A

Passive Diffusion

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9
Q

efers to the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration using a carrier protein in the cell membrane

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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10
Q

efers to the movement of a substance across a cell membrane going from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Proteins within the cell membrane acts as pumps using cellular energy or ATP to move the substance

A

Active transport

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11
Q

Only _____ ______ of the drug (free form) can act on

target sites in the tissues and may cause pharmacology relevant effect; free to diffuse across membranes

A

unbound forms

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12
Q

True or False
Bound drugs are always pharmacologically active
because they are not free to enter the tissue

A

False (inactive)

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13
Q

Phenomenon in which a drug gets metabolized at a specific location in the body that results in a reduced concentration of an active drug upon reaching its site of action or systemic circulation

A

First pass effect

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14
Q

drug is put under tongue where it dissolves in salivary secretions

A

Sublingual route

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15
Q

drug is placed in the buccal pouch to diffuse through the oral mucosa to enter directly into the blood stream

A

Buccal route

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16
Q

administered in an inactive form which is metabolized into an active form.

A

prodrugs

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17
Q

A phenomenon of drug metabolism whereby the concentration of a drug, specifically when administered orally, is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation

A

First Pass Metabolism

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18
Q

removal of the transformed molecules from the body through urine, bile, or other routes.

A

Excretion

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19
Q

Drugs or medications can be eliminated through: ______ and ______

A

Elimination

Elimination half-life

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20
Q

ow many mg of drug will remain in body after 15 mins?

A

50mg

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21
Q

25 mg of drugs will remain after _____ mins

A

30

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22
Q

Main objective of drug therapy: Bring plasma concentration within the ________ ________

A

therapeutic window

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23
Q

modality of drug administration that is chosen to reach the therapeutic objective

A

Dosage regimen

24
Q

lowest concentration in the patient’s blood stream. Therefore, the specimen should be collected just prior to administration of the drug

A

Trough level

25
Q

highest concentration of the drug in the patient’s blood stream.

A

Peak level

26
Q

may be ordered appropriate for monitoring drug usage if drug is being administered by continuous IV infusion

A

Random drug levels

27
Q

used in the treatment

of epileptic seizure

A

Antiepileptic

28
Q

used to treat cancer

A

Antineoplastic

29
Q

Used to treat CHF

A

Digoxin-Lanoxin

30
Q

Two forms of quinidine

A

Quinidine sulfate and Quinidine gluconate

31
Q

Used to treat cardiac arrhythmic situations

A

Procainamide

32
Q

ay be administered as a quinidine substitute when the adverse effect of quinidine is unacceptable

A

Disopyramide (Norpace)

33
Q

The most serious effects of aminoglycoside toxicity are nephrotoxicity and autotoxicity

A

Aminoglycosides

34
Q

A bactericidal antibiotic effective against both aerobic & anaerobic gram-positive bacilli as well as gram-positive cocci that cannot be treated with less-toxic antibiotics

A

Teicoplanin

35
Q

most common adverse reaction to Vancomycin

A

Red man syndrome

36
Q

This is effective in children and neonates

A

Phenobarbital

37
Q

Common therapeutic agent used in the treatment of seizure disorders

A

Phenytoin

38
Q

Prescribed for absence or petit mal seizures

A

Valproic Acid

39
Q

has black box warnings

A

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

40
Q

Adults with refractory epilepsy

A

Felbamate

41
Q

Used in monotherapy or in conjunction with other anti- epileptic drugs or in patients suffering from complex partial seizures with or without generalized seizures

A

Gabapentin

42
Q

Prodrug that is almost immediately metabolized to

Licarbazepine

A

Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)

43
Q

Used to treat psychosis which refers to a group of mental disorders

A

Psychotherapeutic

44
Q

Used to treat and prevent episodes of Mania

A

Lithium

45
Q

Used primarily as Anti-depressants

A

Tricyclic Antidepressants “TCAs”

46
Q

Typical anti-psychotic medication and is used mainly for schizophrenia

A

Clozapine (Clozaril)

47
Q

Is a thienobenzodiazepine derivative that effectively treats schizophrenia, acute manic episodes, and the recurrence of bipolar disorders

A

Olanzapine

48
Q

Often used to treat depression and also sometimes obsessive-compulsive disorder and bulimia

A

Fluoxetine

49
Q

Refers to a drug designed for treatment of anxiety, fear, tension, agitation, and disturbances of the mind specially to reduce states of anxiety and tension

A

Major Tranquilizer

50
Q

Drug whose primary mechanism of action: inhibition of the central nervous system

A

Barbiturates

51
Q

Many show cross-reactivity with inactive metabolites

A

Cyclosporine

52
Q

Prevents rejection of liver and kidney transplants

A

Tacrolimus (Prograf)

53
Q

rare progressive lung
disease that predominantly affects women of
reproductive age

A

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LIM)

54
Q

is a prodrug that is rapidly converted in the liver to its active form of mycophenolic acid (MPA)

A

Mycophenolate mofetil

55
Q

accomplished by administration of leucovorin which reverses the action of Methotrexate at a specific time after Methotrexate infusion

A

Leucovorin rescue

56
Q

Bronchodilator and respiratory stimulant effective in the treatment of acute and chronic asthma

A

Theophylline aka 1,3-dimethylxanthine

57
Q

1,3,7-trimethylxanthine is AKA as ______

A

Caffeine

CC2 (3 decks)

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