WK15: Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Question 1

a clinical practice wherein you measure specific drugs or metabolites (breakdown products) at time intervals to maintain a relatively constant concentration of medication in the blood

Answer 1

TDM (therapeutic drug monitoring)

Question 2

dose providing therapeutic benefits as statistically derived from observations in a healthy population

Answer 2

Standard dosage

Question 3

6 rights of safe medication administration

Answer 3

right: 
patient
medication
dose
time
route
documentation

Question 4

measure of rate and extent to which the drug reaches the systemic circulation or reaches site of action

Answer 4

Bioavailability

Question 5

Commonly described as what the body does to a drug

Answer 5

Pharmacokinetics

Question 6

derived by collection a blood sample at any time after drug administration and measuring the amount of drug in a given volume of plasma of the sample

Answer 6

Drug concentration

Question 7

Rate at which drug leaves the site of administration and

the extent to which this happens

Answer 7

Absorption

Question 8

efers to the movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

Answer 8

Passive Diffusion

Question 9

efers to the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration using a carrier protein in the cell membrane

Answer 9

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 10

efers to the movement of a substance across a cell membrane going from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. Proteins within the cell membrane acts as pumps using cellular energy or ATP to move the substance

Answer 10

Active transport

Question 11

Only _____ ______ of the drug (free form) can act on

target sites in the tissues and may cause pharmacology relevant effect; free to diffuse across membranes

Answer 11

unbound forms

Question 12

True or False
Bound drugs are always pharmacologically active
because they are not free to enter the tissue

Answer 12

False (inactive)

Question 13

Phenomenon in which a drug gets metabolized at a specific location in the body that results in a reduced concentration of an active drug upon reaching its site of action or systemic circulation

Answer 13

First pass effect

Question 14

drug is put under tongue where it dissolves in salivary secretions

Answer 14

Sublingual route

Question 15

drug is placed in the buccal pouch to diffuse through the oral mucosa to enter directly into the blood stream

Answer 15

Buccal route

Question 16

administered in an inactive form which is metabolized into an active form.

Answer 16

prodrugs

Question 17

A phenomenon of drug metabolism whereby the concentration of a drug, specifically when administered orally, is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation

Answer 17

First Pass Metabolism

Question 18

removal of the transformed molecules from the body through urine, bile, or other routes.

Answer 18

Excretion

Question 19

Drugs or medications can be eliminated through: ______ and ______

Answer 19

Elimination

Elimination half-life

Question 20

ow many mg of drug will remain in body after 15 mins?

Answer 20

50mg

Question 21

25 mg of drugs will remain after _____ mins

Answer 21

30

Question 22

Main objective of drug therapy: Bring plasma concentration within the ________ ________

Answer 22

therapeutic window

Question 23

modality of drug administration that is chosen to reach the therapeutic objective

Answer 23

Dosage regimen

Question 24

lowest concentration in the patient’s blood stream. Therefore, the specimen should be collected just prior to administration of the drug

Answer 24

Trough level

Question 25

highest concentration of the drug in the patient’s blood stream.

Answer 25

Peak level

Question 26

may be ordered appropriate for monitoring drug usage if drug is being administered by continuous IV infusion

Answer 26

Random drug levels

Question 27

used in the treatment | of epileptic seizure

Answer 27

Antiepileptic

Question 28

used to treat cancer

Answer 28

Antineoplastic

Question 29

Used to treat CHF

Answer 29

Digoxin-Lanoxin

Question 30

Two forms of quinidine

Answer 30

Quinidine sulfate and Quinidine gluconate

Question 31

Used to treat cardiac arrhythmic situations

Answer 31

Procainamide

Question 32

ay be administered as a quinidine substitute when the adverse effect of quinidine is unacceptable

Answer 32

Disopyramide (Norpace)

Question 33

The most serious effects of aminoglycoside toxicity are nephrotoxicity and autotoxicity

Answer 33

Aminoglycosides

Question 34

A bactericidal antibiotic effective against both aerobic & anaerobic gram-positive bacilli as well as gram-positive cocci that cannot be treated with less-toxic antibiotics

Answer 34

Teicoplanin

Question 35

most common adverse reaction to Vancomycin

Answer 35

Red man syndrome

Question 36

This is effective in children and neonates

Answer 36

Phenobarbital

Question 37

Common therapeutic agent used in the treatment of seizure disorders

Answer 37

Phenytoin

Question 38

Prescribed for absence or petit mal seizures

Answer 38

Valproic Acid

Question 39

has black box warnings

Answer 39

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

Question 40

Adults with refractory epilepsy

Answer 40

Felbamate

Question 41

Used in monotherapy or in conjunction with other anti- epileptic drugs or in patients suffering from complex partial seizures with or without generalized seizures

Answer 41

Gabapentin

Question 42

Prodrug that is almost immediately metabolized to | Licarbazepine

Answer 42

Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)

Question 43

Used to treat psychosis which refers to a group of mental disorders

Answer 43

Psychotherapeutic

Question 44

Used to treat and prevent episodes of Mania

Answer 44

Lithium

Question 45

Used primarily as Anti-depressants

Answer 45

Tricyclic Antidepressants “TCAs”

Question 46

Typical anti-psychotic medication and is used mainly for schizophrenia

Answer 46

Clozapine (Clozaril)

Question 47

Is a thienobenzodiazepine derivative that effectively treats schizophrenia, acute manic episodes, and the recurrence of bipolar disorders

Answer 47

Olanzapine

Question 48

Often used to treat depression and also sometimes obsessive-compulsive disorder and bulimia

Answer 48

Fluoxetine

Question 49

Refers to a drug designed for treatment of anxiety, fear, tension, agitation, and disturbances of the mind specially to reduce states of anxiety and tension

Answer 49

Major Tranquilizer

Question 50

Drug whose primary mechanism of action: inhibition of the central nervous system

Answer 50

Barbiturates

Question 51

Many show cross-reactivity with inactive metabolites

Answer 51

Cyclosporine

Question 52

Prevents rejection of liver and kidney transplants

Answer 52

Tacrolimus (Prograf)

Question 53

rare progressive lung disease that predominantly affects women of reproductive age

Answer 53

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LIM)

Question 54

is a prodrug that is rapidly converted in the liver to its active form of mycophenolic acid (MPA)

Answer 54

Mycophenolate mofetil

Question 55

accomplished by administration of leucovorin which reverses the action of Methotrexate at a specific time after Methotrexate infusion

Answer 55

Leucovorin rescue

Question 56

Bronchodilator and respiratory stimulant effective in the treatment of acute and chronic asthma

Answer 56

Theophylline aka 1,3-dimethylxanthine

Question 57

1,3,7-trimethylxanthine is AKA as ______

Answer 57

Caffeine