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MV > WK15: RNA Viruses > Flashcards

WK15: RNA Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

Naked double stranded RNA virus with two protein layers

A

Rotavirus

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2
Q

Rotavirus is the most common cause of _________

A

viral gastroenteritis

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3
Q

Rotaviruses are Known to attach to the cell through _________

A

Sialic acid-containing-

receptors

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4
Q

Causes a dengue-like infection

A

Colorado Tick Fever Virus

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5
Q

Colorado Tick Fever Virus is Transmitted by ARTHROPOD (VECTOR): _______

A

Dermacentor andersoni (tick)

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6
Q

appear sandy and granular

A

Arenaviridae

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7
Q

True or False:
In genus arenaviridae humans are infected when they inhale the aerosolized virus or come into
contact with fomites

A

True

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8
Q

has been identified as the cellular receptor for the

old-world arenaviruses and the new world clade C arenaviruses

A

alpha-Dystroglycan (DG)

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9
Q

Old World Viruses

A

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus
Lassa viruses
Lassa-like viruses

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10
Q

infects CNS which can lead to seizures and encephalopathy for the patient

A

LCM Virus

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11
Q

Most well known of the arena viruses

A

Lassa Virus

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12
Q

Viruses replicate initially in the gut of the arthropod vector and eventually appear inthe saliva

A

Bunyaviridae

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13
Q

responsible for virus attachment to target

cells and acid activated penetration

A

Gn

Gc

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14
Q

Develop mental changes, ranging from confusion and agitation to depression and drowsiness

A

CCHF virus

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15
Q

Most common member of this genus hantavirus causing nephropathia epidemica

A

Puumala virus

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16
Q

4 genera of Calciviridae

A

Sapovirus, Norovirus, Logovirus, Vesivirus

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17
Q

Calciviridae capsid is composed of 90 dimers of major structural
protein ____ arranged in
Icosahedral lattice

A

VP1

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18
Q

Most common cause of infectious gastroenteritis in US

A

Norovirus

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19
Q

diarrheagic viruses distinguished by a cup-shaped morphology

A

Sapovirus

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20
Q

Enveloped helical viruses with ssRNA; with distinctive club-shaped projections on
their surfaces

A

Coronaviridae

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21
Q

Involved in the binding to the receptor in the host

A

Spike Protein (S)

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22
Q

Determines the shape of the viral envelope

A

Membrane Protein (M)

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23
Q

Causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

A

SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV)

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24
Q

reservoir for SARS-CoV

A

horseshoe

bat

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25
Q

A viral respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus

A

Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

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26
Q

Major reservoir of Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

A

dromedary camels

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27
Q

Severe complication: pneumonia in both lungs

A

NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (2019-nCOV)

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28
Q

Binding receptor of SARS-CoV-2

A

ACE-2 receptor

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29
Q

When a person has COVID-19, symptoms start commonly at _____ days

A

5-6 days

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30
Q

True or False:
SARS-CoV-2 Has structural differences in its protein that can enable a stronger binding to the ACE- 2 receptor – greater efficiency at invading host cells

A

True

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31
Q

True or False:

When the viral load lowers, Abs are also decreased

A

False (Abs are increased)

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32
Q

detects spike protein of virus or enveloped protein

A

antigen test

33
Q

Cause Marburg hemorrhagic fever

A

Marburg Virus

34
Q

Reservoir host of marburg virus

A

African fruit bat – Rousettus aegyptiacus

35
Q

Most virulent ebola virus

A

Zaire ebolavirus

36
Q

Ebola originating in the Ph

A

Ebola-Reston

37
Q

Flaviviridae found in the Ph

A

Japanese encephalitis virus

Dengue virus

38
Q

True or False:

Flaviviridae virions are enveloped and have prominent spikes

A

False (no prominent spikes)

39
Q

Major cause of encephalitis in Asia and is the most common cause of arboviralencephalitis in the world

A

Japanese Encephalitis Virus

40
Q

Dengue is transmitted by

A

Aedesmosquito – Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus

41
Q

Developed after a patient have already been exposed to one serotype of
dengue virus and are then exposed to one of the other three serotypes

A

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

42
Q

Trasmission cycles of yellow fever virus

A

Sylvatic
Urban
Intermediate cylces

43
Q

Transmitted to humans by bird-biting Culex mosquitoes

A

St. Louis Encephalitis Virus

44
Q

Neuroinvasive disease

A

West Nile Virus

45
Q

Dangerous for pregnant women because it can cause “Microencephaly” and other
severe fatal brain defects

A

Zika Virus

46
Q

used to bind to host cells

A

Hemagglutinin (H)

47
Q

leaves budding viruses from infected cells

A

Neuraminidase (N)

48
Q

minor change in antigenic structure as mutations accumulate

- occur in Influenza A, B, C

A

Antigenic Drifts

49
Q

Only associated with influenza A

A

Antigenic Shifts (Drastic change)

50
Q

Contain RNA from bird, human and swine strains of

virus

A

Highly infectious novel form of influenza (H1N1) – Swine flu

51
Q

Nonhuman influenza virus normally found in swine

A

Influenza variant (H3N2v)

52
Q

enveloped; its genome consists of seven ssRNA segments,

lacking the gene coding for neuraminidase

A

INFLEUNZA C VIRUS

53
Q

Influenza Viruses can also cause ________ if left untreated

A

fatal viral pneumonia

54
Q

PIVs 1 and 3 belong to genus _______

A

Paramyxovirus

55
Q

Surface antigens of PIV (Parainfluenza)

A

hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) - adhesion

fusion (F) antigen – for fusion of virus to the cell

56
Q

PIV causing serious illness

A

1 and 2

57
Q

Causes acute illness producing unilateral or bilateral swelling of the parotid glands

A

Mumps Virus

58
Q

Cause measles

A

rubeola

59
Q

Incubation period of measles virus

A

7-10 days

60
Q

lesions on the oral mucosa consisting of irregular red spots

A

Koplik spots (Measles)

61
Q

Causes croup, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and interstitial pneumonia

A

Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV)

62
Q

More prevalent in areas with poverty, poor hygiene and poor sanitation

A

Enteroviruses

63
Q

Infect the nervous system and can cause paralysis in small percentage of infected patients

A

Poliovirus

64
Q

A mild prodromal phase may develop, with malaise, headache, and abdominal pains

A

COCKSACKIEVIRUS TYPE A5, A10, A16 and ENTEROVIRUS TYPE 71

65
Q

True or False:
Rhinovirus is susceptible to detergents, lipid solvents, and temperature extremes but are resistant to a
pH lower than 6

A

False (Resistant to detergents, lipid solvents, and temperature extremes but are sensitive to a
pH lower than 6)

66
Q

Primary target cells of HIV

A

CD4+ T cells, monocytes, macrophages

67
Q

HIV 1 can directly cause ________ and ________

A

Encephalitis and Dementia

68
Q

Spherical virus, with a three- layer structure

A

HIV

69
Q

Diagnostically important HIV antigens: structural proteins______

A

p24, gp41, gp120, gp16

70
Q

Enveloped RNA viruses characterized by their shape (Bullet or rod), and helical
nucleocapsids that are enclosed in a lipid envelope

A

Rabies Virus

71
Q

Rabies is transmitted by ______

A

bite or scratch of rabid animal

72
Q

gold standard is to detect rabies antigen in the

infected tissue preferably as brain smear or touch impression

A

Post mortem

73
Q

Inclusion body in the nervous cells which is pathognomonic

A

Negri Bodies (rabies virus)

74
Q

_____ or _______ or ______ products should be used for category III exposures as well as for some category II exposures

A

Human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) or

equine rabies immunoglobulin (ERIG) or F(ab’)2

75
Q

Nibbling of uncovered skin

Minor scratches or abrasions without bleeding

A

Type II contact (rabies)

76
Q

Arthropod borne zoonotic virus maintained in rodents, primates
and birds by mosquito vectors

A

Alphavirus

77
Q

Milder disease than EEE and patients develop an

asymptomatic or mild infection consisting of fever, headache, nausea and mental status change

A

Westernequine encephalitis (WEE) virus

78
Q

Causes the disease or German measles

A

rubella virus

79
Q

Associated with congenital anomalies

A 
Toxoplasmosis
Other agents (including HIV, syphilis, varicella, and fifth
disease)
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes simplex

MV (4 decks)

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