WK1: Chapter 12 Systematics: The Science of Biological Diversity

Question 1

The phylogenetic domain containing all eukaryotic organisms, (pg 244)

Answer 1

Eukarya

Question 2

A monophyletic group, made up of an ancestor and all of its descendants, (pg 238)

Answer 2

clade

Question 3

[Gk. kat goria, category] In a hierarchical classification system, the level at which a particular group is ranked, (pg 236)

Answer 3

category

Question 4

The spore-producing, diploid (2n) phase in a life cycle characterized by alternation of generations, (pg 250)

Answer 4

sporophyte

Question 5

[Gk. taxis, arrangement, + nomos, law] The science of the classification of organisms, (pg 234)

Answer 5

taxonomy

Question 6

The second part of a species name; for example, mays of Zea mays (maize), (pg 235)

Answer 6

specific epithet

Question 7

A line diagram that branches repeatedly and suggests phylogenetic relationships among organisms, (pg 239)

Answer 7

cladogram

Question 8

Character states (two or more forms of a character) that arose in the common ancestor of a group and are present in all of its members, (pg 239)

Answer 8

synapomorphies

Question 9

A reproductive cycle in which a haploid (n) phase, the gametophyte, produces gametes, which fuse in pairs to form a zygote, which then germinates to produce a diploid (2n) phase, the sporophyte. Spores produced by meiotic division in the sporophyte give rise to new gametophytes, completing the cycle, (pg 250)

Answer 9

alternation of generations

Question 10

In plants that have an alternation of generations, the haploid (n), gamete-producing generation, or phase, (pg 250)

Answer 10

gametophyte

Question 11

In a cladogram, a species or group of species that does not exhibit one or more shared derived characters found in the group under study, the ingroup, (pg 239)

Answer 11

outgroup

Question 12

[Gk. phylon, race, tribe] Evolutionary relationships among organisms; the developmental history of a group of organisms, (pg 237)

Answer 12

phylogeny

Question 13

A system of arranging organisms following an analysis of their primitive and advanced features so that their phylogenetic relationships are accurately reflected, (pg 239)

Answer 13

cladistics

Question 14

[Gk. analogos, proportionate] Applied to structures similar in function but different in evolutionary origin, such as the phyllodes of an Australian Acacia and the leaves of an oak, (pg 238)

Answer 14

analogous

Question 15

[L. convergere, to turn together] The independent development of similar structures in organisms that are not directly related; often found in organisms living in similar environments, (pg 238)

Answer 15

convergent evolution

Question 16

[Gk. isos, equal, + morph, form] Identical in form, (pg 250)

Answer 16

isomorphic

Question 17

[Gk. heteros, different, + morph, form] Describing a life history in which the haploid and diploid generations are dissimilar in form, (pg 250)

Answer 17

hetromorphic

Question 18

Scientific study of the kinds and diversity of organisms and of the relationships between them, (pg 234)

Answer 18

systematics

Question 19

General term for any one of the taxonomic categories, such as species, class, order, or phylum, (pg 236)

Answer 19

taxon