wk1 / c2 (basic life processes) Flashcards
basic life processes
identify 6 life processes, found in the human body
that are absent in nonliving things
(6)
- metabolism
- responsivness
- movement
- growth
- differentiation
- reproduction
basic life processes
6 life processes
(diagram)
basic life processes
1st life process
metabolism:
all the chemical reactions that occur in the body
basic life processes
metabolic reations are diverse but can be
grouped into 2 major types of reactions
- anabolism
- catabolism
anabolism:
(anabolic reactions)
chemical reactions that build up
larger complex chemicals
from
smaller, simpler chemical building blocks
basic life processes
cellular sythesis, or formation,
of new complex carbohydrates or proteins
are examples of _
anabolism
(anabolic reaction)
basic life processes
catabolism:
(catabolic reation)
*the exact opposite of anabolism
catabolic reactions
break down large complex chemicals
into
small simple chemical building blocks
basic life processes
all of the digestive reactions
occuring along the digestive tract
that break down
complex carbohydrates into simple sugars,
and proteins into amino acids
are examples of _
catabolic reactions
basic life processes
2nd life process
responsiveness:
the ability of the body to
detect or react
to changes in it
external or internal environment
basic life processes
responsiveness:
- stimulus:
any change to the external environment (outside the body)
or internal environment (inside the body)
is called a stimulus.
basic life processes
the body is adapted to respond to many different types of
stimuli
examples are_
(7)
- visual
- auditory (sound)
- olfactory (smell)
- chemical
- pressure
- touch
- temperature
and more
basic life processes
many of the bodies cells are adapted to respond to
specific types of stimuli
muscle cells respond by_
nerve cells respond by_
muscle cells - by contracting and shortening their length
which allows body structures to move
nerve cells - respond by producing action potentials or nerve impulses
which are fast moving electrical signals allowing
nerve cells to communicate with each other, or other excitatory cells.
basic life processes
3rd life process
movement:
the motion of the entire body
or any of its components
ie. organs, individual cells, internal structures (organelles)
basic life processes-
movement -
organs
- organs - contain layers of smooth muscle, which can contract to propel substances through the organ
basic life processes-
movement -
cells
white blood cells
can move out of the blood stream
and into the surrounding tissues where an
infection is occuring
basic life processes-
movement -
organelles
inside the cell secretory vesicles can move
to the cells plasma membrane
in order to release there chemical products
basic life processes
4th life process-
growth:
- can involve and increase in the overall size of the body, due to an increase in the size of body cells
- increase in the overall number of cells through cell division
- or both
- through the accumulation of materials outside a cell ie. the mineral-matrix the is allowed to build up around bone cells, allows the bone to grow longer and wider (see diagram)
basic life processes
5th life process-
differentiation:
where a cell becomes increasingly specialised as it matures,
and takes on a specific shape, structures and functions.
basic life processes
stem cells:
- cells begin their life as stem cells,
- which are precursor (ancestor) cells,
- characterised by having a general and undifferentiated state,
- and the ability to engage in active cell division
basic life processes
5th life process
differentiation-
of all of the many types of blood cells occurs by?
process of differentiation occuring in the red bone marrow
basic life processes-
6th (final) life process
reproduction:
- can involve the creation of new life cells, through cell division, during tissue growth, replacement or repair
- or it may refer to the formation of a new human being
basic life processors-
if any of the life process stops occuring, the result is?
which can lead to?
- cellular and tissue death
- the overall dimiss of the individual
basic life processes-
indicators of death-
in clinical terms, death of the human body is indicated by?
(3)
- loss of heart beat
- lack of spontaneous breathing
- loss of brain function
