wk1 / c2 (basic life processes)

Question 1

^{basic life processes}

identify 6 life processes, found in the human body

that are absent in nonliving things

(6)

Answer 1

• metabolism
• responsivness
• movement
• growth
• differentiation
• reproduction

Question 2

^{basic life processes​}

6 life processes

(diagram)

Answer 2

Question 3

^{basic life processes}

1st life process

metabolism:

Answer 3

all the chemical reactions that occur in the body

Question 4

^{basic life processes}

metabolic reations are diverse but can be

grouped into 2 major types of reactions

Answer 4

• anabolism
• catabolism

Question 5

anabolism:

Answer 5

(anabolic reactions)

chemical reactions that build up

larger complex chemicals

from

smaller, simpler chemical building blocks

Question 6

^{basic life processes}

cellular sythesis, or formation,

of new complex carbohydrates or proteins

are examples of _

Answer 6

anabolism

(anabolic reaction)

Question 7

^{basic life processes}

catabolism:

(catabolic reation)

Answer 7

^{*the exact opposite of anabolism}

catabolic reactions

break down large complex chemicals

into

small simple chemical building blocks

Question 8

^{basic life processes}

all of the digestive reactions

occuring along the digestive tract

that break down

complex carbohydrates into simple sugars,

and proteins into amino acids

are examples of _

Answer 8

catabolic reactions

Question 9

^{basic life processes}

2nd life process

responsiveness:

Answer 9

the ability of the body to

detect or react

to changes in it

external or internal environment

Question 10

^{basic life processes}

responsiveness:

- stimulus:

Answer 10

any change to the external environment (outside the body)

or internal environment (inside the body)

is called a stimulus.

Question 11

^{basic life processes}

the body is adapted to respond to many different types of

stimuli

examples are_

(7)

Answer 11

• visual
• auditory (sound)
• olfactory (smell)
• chemical
• pressure
• touch
• temperature

and more

Question 12

^{basic life processes}

many of the bodies cells are adapted to respond to

specific types of stimuli

muscle cells respond by_

nerve cells respond by_

Answer 12

muscle cells - by contracting and shortening their length

which allows body structures to move

nerve cells - respond by producing action potentials or nerve impulses

which are fast moving electrical signals allowing

nerve cells to communicate with each other, or other excitatory cells.

Question 13

^{basic life processes}

3rd life process

movement:

Answer 13

the motion of the entire body

or any of its components

ie. organs, individual cells, internal structures (organelles)

Question 14

basic life processes-

movement -

organs

Answer 14

• organs - contain layers of smooth muscle, which can contract to propel substances through the organ

Question 15

basic life processes-

movement -

cells

Answer 15

white blood cells

can move out of the blood stream

and into the surrounding tissues where an

infection is occuring

Question 16

basic life processes-

movement -

organelles

Answer 16

inside the cell secretory vesicles can move

to the cells plasma membrane

in order to release there chemical products

Question 17

basic life processes

4th life process-

growth:

Answer 17

• can involve and increase in the overall size of the body, due to an increase in the size of body cells
• increase in the overall number of cells through cell division
• or both
• through the accumulation of materials outside a cell ie. the mineral-matrix the is allowed to build up around bone cells, allows the bone to grow longer and wider (see diagram)

Question 18

basic life processes

5th life process-

differentiation:

Answer 18

where a cell becomes increasingly specialised as it matures,

and takes on a specific shape, structures and functions.

Question 19

basic life processes

stem cells:

Answer 19

• cells begin their life as stem cells,
• which are precursor (ancestor) cells,
• characterised by having a general and undifferentiated state,
• and the ability to engage in active cell division

Question 20

basic life processes

5th life process

differentiation-

of all of the many types of blood cells occurs by?

Answer 20

process of differentiation occuring in the red bone marrow

Question 21

basic life processes-

6th (final) life process

reproduction:

Answer 21

• can involve the creation of new life cells, through cell division, during tissue growth, replacement or repair
• or it may refer to the formation of a new human being

Question 22

basic life processors-

if any of the life process stops occuring, the result is?

which can lead to?

Answer 22

• cellular and tissue death
• the overall dimiss of the individual

Question 23

basic life processes-

indicators of death-

in clinical terms, death of the human body is indicated by?

(3)

Answer 23

• loss of heart beat
• lack of spontaneous breathing
• loss of brain function