Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHAM02 > Wk 9: Causes of cancer > Flashcards

Wk 9: Causes of cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of things that may cause cancer

A
  • Ionising radiation
  • Genetics
  • Asbestos
  • Viruses
  • Diet
  • Hormones
  • Parasites
  • Cigs
  • Sun
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is smoking associated w/ in terms of cancer?

A
  • 15% of cancer
  • 7 types
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give examples of 3 main ways alcohol causes damage?

A
  • Acetaldehyde: damage cells
  • Hormone changes: oestrogen, insulin
  • Inc abs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Outline the effects of UV light

A
  • UV-B: sunburn + direct damage to DNA
  • UV-A: free radical formation
  • UV-C: blocked by ozone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 types of non-melanoma skin cancers?

A
  • Basal cell carcinoma: cells lining bottom of epidermis (75%)
  • Squamous cell carcinoma: cells lining top of epidermis (20%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is malignant melanoma?

A
  • Majority of skin cancer related deaths
  • Treatment: surgery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Outline dietary factors that may affects chances of cancer

A
  • Fruit, veg, whole grains + healthy fat = dec cancer
  • Red meat: inc colon + breast cancer
  • Vit D: high intake + plasma level dec cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the benefits of physical activity in regards to cancer?

A
  • For primary prevention of cancer
  • Lower hormone levels (insulin)
  • Red: colon, breast + endometrial
  • Beneficial during treatment + survivors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give examples of hormone driven cancers

A
  • Breast
  • Gynaecological cancers
  • Prostate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Outline the risk of hormones when causing cancer

A
  • Enter cell + cause cell to make protein, changing cell behaviour
  • Overstim of hormone receptor = excessive cell multiplication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the percentage of cancers diagnosed is linked to inherited gene?

A

3 -10%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What have studies found regarding the correlation btw geography and cancers?

A

Migrating population = changes of cancer tending towards indigenous population - chinese moving to US less likely to develop stomach cancer if western diet adopted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Give examples of viruses that can cause cancer

A
  • HPV - cervical
  • HBV/HCV - liver
  • EBV - Lymphoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give examples of how immunosuppression inc incidences of cancer

A
  • AIDS syndrome develop malignancy
  • Transplant recipients: Inc kaposi sarcoma, non-hodgkin lymphoma + skin cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give examples of chemical factors that may cause cancer

A
  • Smoking
  • Asbestos
  • Alcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is radon gas?

A

Product of radioactive decay of uranium in earth’s crust - lung cancer

17
Q

Outline bowel screening

A
  • 60+
  • Faces sent to lab to test for blood
  • Every 2 yrs
18
Q

Outline breast screening

A
  • 50-70
  • Mammogram where breasts are x-rayed
  • Every 3 yrs
19
Q

Outline cervical screening

A
  • Cervix 25-64
  • Cells removed + tested for HPV/abn changes
  • 3 yrs til 49, then 5 yrs

PHAM02 (35 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions