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PHAM02 > Wk 10: Principles of cancer treatment > Flashcards

Wk 10: Principles of cancer treatment Flashcards

1
Q

What is systemic anticancer therapy?

A
  • Cytotoxic chemotherapy
  • Biological therapies
  • Hormonal therapies
  • Immunotherapy
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2
Q

What is chemotherapy?

A

Chemical toxic to multiplying cells

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3
Q

What does folfox contain?

A
  • Oxaliplatin (alkylating agent): non cell cycle specific
  • Fluorouracil (antimetabolite): cell cycle specific
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4
Q

What are cell cycle non-specific drugs?

A
  • Kills cells at all phases inc. resting
  • Given: large bolus dose on day 1
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5
Q

What are cell cycle specific drugs?

A
  • Kills cell at specific point
  • Given: more than once over several days/continuous infusion
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6
Q

What are the problems of chemotherapy?

A
  • Relapse
  • Resistance
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7
Q

What are the general principles of chemotherapy?

A
  • Earlier = better
  • Consider toxicity: frequent blood count + support
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8
Q

Which cancers have seen the most success when using chemotherapy?

A
  • Childhood leukaemia
  • Acute leukaemia in adults
  • Testicular cancer
  • Lymphoma
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9
Q

Define curative chemotherapy

A

Definitive treatment for cure (acute leukaemia)

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10
Q

Define adjuvant chemotherapy

A
  • Given after surgery or radiotherapy
  • Eradicate micrometastases
  • Improve cure rate
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11
Q

Define neoadjuvant chemotherapy

A
  • Given prior to treatment to facilitate procedure + improve cure chances
  • Shrink large tumour = more operable
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12
Q

Define palliative chemotherapy

A
  • Control symptoms + improve QoL
  • Prolong life
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13
Q

Why is combination chemotherapy used over single agent?

A
  • Different sites/MOA
  • Non-overlapping toxicities
  • Bigger destruction of cancer cells
  • Inhibit resistance
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14
Q

What are the monitoring requirements needed when undergoing chemotherapy?

A

Response + toxicity

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15
Q

What can be used to measure response to treatment?

A
  • Tumour markers
  • Imaging
  • Treatment intention
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16
Q

What is measured when reviewing toxicity?

A
  • FBC
  • U+E: renal + liver
  • Symptoms
  • Weight
17
Q

When is hormone therapy used?

A

Hormone driven cancers

18
Q

What does hormone therapy entail?

A
  • Shrink tumour
  • Slow/stop growth
  • Red symptoms
  • Makes cancer less likely to spread
  • Red risk of breast cancer in at risk women
  • Diff. treatment depending on menopause status
19
Q

How does hormone therapy work?

A
  • Red amount of hormone or antagonist at hormone receptor
  • Given for longer periods
20
Q

What is targeted therapy?

A

Targets change in cancer cells that help them grow, divide + metastasise

21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of targeted therapy?

A
  • Induce immune response
  • Inhibit cancer cell growth
  • Inhibit angiogenesis
  • Release cytotoxic agent at site of action
  • Induce apoptosis
  • Inhibit hormone dependent growth
22
Q

What are the advantages of targeted therapy?

A

More precise + fewer s/e

23
Q

What are the types of targeted therapy?

A
  • Monoclonal antibody eg. cetuximab
  • Small molecule eg. sunitinib
24
Q

Monoclonal antibodies (targeted therapy)

A
  • Block receptor on surface of cancer cell
  • Activate WBC
  • Manufactured using living cells
  • Some deliver chemo to cancer cells
  • IV every 1-3 wks
25
Q

Small molecule (targeted therapy)

A
  • Less specific
  • Block kinase (tyrosine kinase inhibitor)
  • Orally every day
26
Q

What is immunotherapy?

A

Treatment that works via immune system

27
Q

What are the 3 main groups of immunotherapy?

A
  • Monoclonal antibodies
  • Checkpoint inhibitors
  • CAR T cell therapy
28
Q

What is radiotherapy?

A
  • Uses high energy rays (x-rays)
  • Destroys cancer cells in area given but also healthy cells
29
Q

What are the types of radiotherapy?

A
  • External beam: radiotherapy machine to aim beams at cancer
  • Internal beam: radioactive liquid
30
Q

What is surgery used for?

A
  • Diagnose
  • Remove cancer
  • How big + spread of cancer
  • Symptom control
  • Restore body parts
  • Improve appearance of body

PHAM02 (35 decks)

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