Wk 9 & 10- Phonological Awareness & Phonics Flashcards
Define ‘phoneme’
The smallest unit of sound.
Any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another.
For example /p/, /b/, /d/, and t in the English words pad, pat,
bad, and bat. Sounds are represented in print using slashes.
Define ‘grapheme’
The written representation of a phoneme using one or more letters.
The smallest meaningful unit in a writing system. Examples are (m), (ph), (ough).
e.g. /g/ —> ‘g’
/f/ —> ‘ph’, ‘ff’, ‘f’, ‘gh’
Define ‘morpheme’
A meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided.
The smallest meaningful part of a word. Sometimes it is a word (e.g. cup, hope) and sometimes it is not a whole word (e.g. -ly, bi-)
(e.g. cat + s, friend + ship, book).
What is a free morpheme?
A morpheme that can stand alone as a word
What is a bound morpheme?
A morpheme that must be attached to a free morpheme to form a word
(e.g. -ing in singing or s in cars)
Define ‘phonological awareness’
The understanding that language is made up of sounds and the ability to manipulate these in various ways.
One of the 6 pillars of reading
Define ‘phonemic awareness’
A critical subset of phonological awareness related to the ability to work with the smallest units of sound – phonemes
What is phonics?
Provide both possible meanings
- The relationship between the sound and the print. The reading process that links the sounds that letters make.
- Literacy instruction related to phoneme-grapheme correspondences and spelling rules
Define ‘syntax’
The structure of the patterns in a sentence; and the order of words in English phrases, clauses, groups, and sentences.
What is onset-rime?
When a syllable is divided into two parts: the onset, which consists of the initial consonant or consonant blend, and the rime, which consists of the vowel (nucleus) and any final consonants (coda).
Define ‘syllable’
A unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or a part of a word.
What is a diphthong?
A sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves towards another.
Examples are in coin /c/ /oi/ /n/ and loud /l/ /ou/ /d/.
Define semi-vowel
A speech sound intermediate between a vowel and a consonant, e.g. made at times by the letters (w) or (y).
Define ‘consonant’
A basic speech sound in which the breath is at least partly obstructed and which can be combined with a vowel to form a syllable.
Limited number of consonant sounds that can be produced in a sequence without a vowel.
Define ‘vowel’
A speech sound which is produced by comparatively open configuration of the vocal tract, with vibration of the vocal cords but without audible friction.
A unit of the sound system of a language that forms the nucleus of a syllable.
