Wk 6 Sticks & Stones

Question 1

Name the key ways of achieving structural rigidity

Answer 1

> > Stability achieved by STRUCTURAL FORM (e.g. Jefferson campus at Uni Virginia curving thin garden walls)

>>Thickness 
>>engaged piers in plan 
>> intermediate walls in plan 
>> restraining members or planes in section 
>> reinforcing steel inside walls

Question 2

What are the 5 most common techniques to achieving resistance to lateral loads in masonry walls?

Answer 2

1. Thickness
2. Engaged piers in plan
3. Intermediate walls in plan (if forces act against one of the walls, compression forces will be mobilised in the 2 adjacent walls to prevent it from moving)
4. Restraining members or planes in section
5. reinforcing steel inside the wall

Question 3

walls with engaged piers in plan…

Answer 3

incorporating piers into walls form strong points at intervals to stiffen it.
In a tall wall these will act as buttresses.
The wall between will resist lateral loads through arching action.

Question 4

What is the EFFECTIVE HEIGHT of walls that engage restraining members or planes in section to achieve structural rigidity?

Answer 4

the effective height of the wall is the height between floors, because the roof/intermediate floors confer structural rigidity to the walls.

Question 5

What is the composition of mortar?

Answer 5

portland cement
lime
sand
water

Question 6

What types of footings are appropriate for continuous masonry walls?

Answer 6

Continuous footings of course…

depends on foundation…could be:

1. strip
2. beam
3. pier and beam

Question 7

What is the SLENDERNESS RATIO in relation to walls?

Answer 7

describes the relationship between the width and height of a wall (esp. masonry walls) and its stability.

Question 8

What would be a typical height and slenderness ratio for a garden wall in Sydney 230mm thick?

Answer 8

230 thick => 1800mm high & 8 slenderness ratio

Question 9

What ratio of cement:lime:sand (for mortar) is gives the most durable joint?

Answer 9

1:0:4

Question 10

What ratio of cement:lime:sand (for mortar) is the most commonly used?

Answer 10

1:1:6

Question 11

What ratio of cement:lime:sand (for mortar) gives the weakest joint?

Answer 11

0:1:3

Question 12

define MASONRY

Answer 12

a construction of brick, concrete block, stone, terra cotta or other units laid in mortar

Question 13

define BONDING (as it relates to masonry)

Answer 13

the method of laying masonry units in a wall in a regular pattern for strength

Question 14

define BOND (as it relates to masonry)

Answer 14

the pattern formed by the exposed faces of masonry units (e.g. stretcher bond as at right)

Question 15

define COURSE (1) (as it relates to masonry)

Answer 15

A continuous horizontal layer of bricks, blocks, stones or other building units in a wall bonded together with mortar

Question 16

define PERPEND(2) (as it relates to masonry)

Answer 16

the vertical joint between masonry units

Question 17

define COMMON BRICK (as it relates to masonry)

Answer 17

any brick made primarily for general building work & not especially treated for colour or texture

Question 18

define FACE BRICKWORK (as it relates to masonry)

Answer 18

a wall in which bricks are laid accurately to a plane face and the joints neatly pointed

Question 19

define JOINT (as it relates to masonry)

Answer 19

the mortar between adjacent masonry units

Question 20

define PRIMARY STRUCTURE

Answer 20

principal members of a skeletal structural system carrying the applied loads to the footings & foundations members

Question 21

define SECONDARY STRUCTURE

Answer 21

members used to transfer loads of the cladding, roofing, flooring etc. to the primary structure.

Question 22

define BAY (as it relates to gravity load framing & walling systems)

Answer 22

BAY: a repeated 3D module

Question 23

define FRAME (as it relates to gravity load framing & walling systems)

Answer 23

the constructional unit made up from individual load bearing & spanning members

Question 24

define BRACING (as it relates to gravity load framing & walling systems)

Answer 24

diagonal members fixed to a frame to provide stability

Question 25

define JOINT (as it relates to gravity load framing & walling systems)

Answer 25

the means of joining at least 2 members, hence ‘pin joint’, ‘rigid joint’ etc.

Question 26

define SPAN

Answer 26

the distance between structural support members

Question 27

define GRIDLINES

Answer 27

layout of columns or other structural members

Question 28

What are the 3 ways to achieve lateral stability in a framed structure?

Answer 28

1. rigid joints
2. cross bracing
3. shear panels or walls