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BDES1023 > Wk 4 Place > Flashcards

Wk 4 Place Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of a geotechnical engineer?

A
  1. assess/define rock and soil conditions (including strength and deformation properties) of a site and
  2. relay this information/data to structural engineers.
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2
Q

What is the role of a structural engineer?

A

designs structural systems & members

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3
Q

Outline the CHECKLIST FOR DESIGNING A STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FOR A PROJECT:

A
  1. Explore Site & soil conditions (foundation)
  2. Choose a structural material & a gravity load framing or walling system
  3. Lay out the framing or walling system
  4. Adjust the framing or walling and floor plans to fit one another
  5. design and deploy a Lateral Load Resisting system
  6. Shape Long Span components
  7. Detail the structure
  8. Check assumed member sizes using maths to determine their adequacy.
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4
Q

Define FOUNDATIONS

A

earth below the building/structure that carries the load of the building/structure.

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5
Q

Define FOOTING

A

the part of the building that are in
> in contact with the foundation and
> transfers the applied and dead loads of the building to the foundations

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6
Q

How is the foundation classification for a particular site determined?

A

The geotechnical engineer classifies the foundation based on core samples taken from the site

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7
Q

What type of foundation can we expect in a ROCKY BAY OR POINT

A

Sandstone

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8
Q

What type of foundation can we expect on a ROCKY SLOPE

A
  1. Bedrock OR
  2. Floaters &/OR
  3. Weathered rock with some clay
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9
Q

What are Floaters?

A

Large rocks detached from the bedrock)

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10
Q

How would we support a brick wall on a ROCKY SLOPE foundation?

A

If BEDROCK: directly off bedrock or on a concrete strip footing
if FLOATERS: if floaters are present they must be REMOVED OR STABILISED
if WEATHER ROCK/CLAY: by EXTENDING FOOTINGS DOWN TO ROCK

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11
Q

How would we support a brick wall on a ROCKY BAY/POINT foundation?

A

Direction off bedrock or on concrete strip footing

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12
Q

What type of foundation can we expect on EXCAVATED ROCK?

A

sandstone bedrock

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13
Q

How could we support a masonry (brick) wall on an EXCAVATED ROCK foundation?

A

Directly off bedrock or on a concrete strip footing

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14
Q

How could we support a concrete slab on an EXCAVATED ROCK foundation?

A

Directly off bedrock

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15
Q

What type of foundation can we expect on EXCAVATED CLAY & WEATHERED ROCK ?

A

Weathered rock &/or clay

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16
Q

How would we support point loads from columns on an EXCAVATED CLAY & WEATHERED ROCK foundation?

A

Extended footings down to & into the bedrock

17
Q

What type of foundation can we expect in MUDDY BAYS & RIVER EDGES?

A

Silt

18
Q

What type of foundation can we expect in SANDY BAYS & BEACHES?

A

Sand

19
Q

How would we support loads on a SILT foundation?

A

Where possible, extend footings down to bedrock

20
Q

How would we support loads on a SAND foundation?

A

Generally provides a stable foundation as long as erosion is avoided.

21
Q

What is the difficulty of building on retained slope sites?

A

Retained filled sites represent difficult foundation conditions as THE MATERIAL SUPPORTING THE BUILDING CAN BE OF VARIABLE QUALITY…Use piers down to stable foundation (preferably bedrock).

22
Q

What are the 8 types of foundations found around the harbour?

A
  1. Rocky bays & points (==>sandstone foundation)
  2. Rocky slopes (==> bedrock, floaters &/or weather rock & clay)
  3. Excavated rock (sandstone)
  4. Excavated clay & weathered rock (clay & weathered rock)
  5. Muddy bays & River edges (silt)
  6. Sandy bays & edges (Sand)
  7. Retained bay & River edges (retaining wall holds filled area, difficulty as potential for variable quality of fill material(s))
  8. Retained Slopes (retained filled material raises concern for variable quality of foundation material(s))
23
Q

What is the main cause of foundation instability?

A

Water

24
Q

What are the most stable foundation types?

A
  1. Rock and

2. Sand

25
Q

What are the most UNstable foundation types and why?

A
  1. Clay - due to its tendency to react with ground water.
  2. Soft soils (e.g. silt)
  3. Filled sites - variable quality of material supporting the buildings
26
Q

What are the general site foundation classes?

A

SAND & ROCK
> A - sand & Rock

CLAY/SILT - reactive, experience ground movement from moisture changes
> S - slightly reactive clay
> M - moderately reactive clay or silt sites
> H - highly reactive clay sites

> E - extremely reactive sites which can experience extreme ground movements from moisture change

FILLED SITES:
> A-P Filled sites

> P - soft soils (clay or silt), loose sands, landslip, mine subsidence, collapsing soils, soils subject to erosion, reactive sites

27
Q

What does the appropriate method to RELAY THE LOADS OF A BUILDING TO A STABLE FOUNDATION depend on?

A
  1. BEARING ABILITY of the foundation: how much load it can take
  2. REACTIVITY of the foundation material (especially how it is affected by water)
28
Q

What is the ‘bearing ability’ of a foundation?

A

how much load the foundation can take

29
Q

What type of loads are PAD FOOTINGS used for?

A

point loads/ column / 1D

30
Q

What type of loads are STRIP FOOTINGS used for?

A

load bearing walls

31
Q

What type of loads are REINFORCED SLABS used for?

A

floors on the ground

32
Q

What are the 3 main types of footings?

A
  1. PADfootings (for point loads/columns/1D)
  2. STRIP footings (for line loads/ load bearing walls/ 2D)
  3. SLAB footings (for Plane loads/floors on the ground/3D)

BDES1023 (9 decks)

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