WK 5- PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND NUTRITION IN CHRONIC DISEASE Flashcards
What is a standard size of grains
1 slice bread, ½ cup cooked pasta/rice/noodles, 2/3 cup
cereal; 3 crispbreads; 1 crumpet
What is a standard size of fruit
1 piece e.g. apple, banana or orange; 2 small pieces e.g. kiwi fruit or
apricots; ½ glass juice; 1 cup diced/canned fruit
What is a standard size of vegetables
1 cup salad; ½ cup cooked vegetables; ½ medium potato; ½ cup sweet corn; ½ cup beans, peas or lentils
What is a standard size of milk/dairy
1 cup (250ml); 1 tub yoghurt (200g); 2 slices cheese (40g); 1 cup (250ml) soy/rice milk, calcium fortified
What is a standard size of lean meat
65g lean red meat; 80g lean poultry; 100g fish; 2
eggs; 1 cup cooked legumes; 30g nuts
What is a standard size of extras
1 Tbsp butter/marg/oil; 1 slice of plain cake/small cake‐type muffin (40g); 1Tbsp honey/jam; 2‐3 sweet plain biscuits; 2 scoops ice‐cream; Half a chocolate bar (25g); 30g potato chips; 1/2 can soft drink; ¼ meat pie
What is the difference between allergy and intolerance
allergy→ immune related response that can result in airway collapse (even the smallest amount is not allowed)
intolerance→ there is a threshold of how much food a person is able to handle before experiencing physical symptoms
What does a referral to a dietician have to contain
-From
-To
-Patient Demographics
-Clinical Info – medical condition/diagnosis, meds,
Anthros, relevant biochem
-Client consent
-ISBAR (Identification, Situation, Background, Assessment,
Recommendation)
What dietary changes would need to be made for a coeliac
gluten free – need to modify cereal intake to be gluten free (and beware gluten in processed foods. It is an intolerance, not an allergy, but it does trigger and immediate response so is treated like an allergy (avoid cross contamination at all costs)
What dietary changes would need to be made for T2DM
low fat, reduce simple sugars, low GI choices
What dietary changes would need to be made for T1DM
diet is less important (theoretically should eat the ‘normal’ healthy diet)- spread of carbohydrate, low GI preferable (glycaemic index= how fast sugar is broken down, low GI is better)
What dietary changes would need to be made for CKD
varies with stage- but alterations in sodium, potassium, phosphate, protein, fluid
What are the 5 stages of malnutrition and what weight loss is required by pt to be classed in these groups
- Significant weight loss: 5% loss in 1 month; 7.5% loss in 3 months; 10% loss in 6 months
- Severe weight loss: >5% loss in 1 month; 7.5% loss in 3 months, >10% weight loss in 6 months
- Mild malnutrition: 85‐90% of usual weight
- Moderate malnutrition: 75‐84% of usual weight
- Severe malnutrition: <74% of usual weight
How can you assess a patients nutritional status
o BMI – height, weight
o Waist Circumference
o Skinfold thickness
o Waist circumference
What BMI is classed as overweight
25-30
What BMI is classed as class 1 obesity
30-35
What BMI is classed as class 2 obesity
35-40
What is vigorous exercise?
makes you breathe harder or puff and pant e.g jogging, aerobics, most health benefits will come from undertaking this type of exercise frequently
What is high intensity exercise
occurs very
rarely in daily life. This type of activity is important in specialised groups-> olympic athletes
What is moderate intensity exercise
walking, gentle swimming golf- achieving at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity activity on most days of the week shows benefits
What is light intensity exercise
Includes domestic or occupational tasks.
What is incidental acivity
Includes domestic or occupational tasks.
What are some physiological adaptations that occur with exercise
- Increased metabolic rate
- Improved neurotransmitter regulation-> aids with depression
- Increased bone density
- Increased oxygen carrying capacity
- Increased cardiac output
- Decreased fat mass, increased lean body mass
What is the difference between exercise and physical activity
Exercise: physical activity that is planned, structured and repetitive for the purpose of conditioning any part of the body
Physical activity: Athletic, recreational or occupational activities that require physical skills and utilize strength, power, endurance
How much exercise is required for weight loss
250 min/wk of moderate intensity physical activity
When is exercise contraindicated for cardiac patients
Contraindicated for patients with unstable and uncontrolled cardiac conditions (eg. AF, extreme hypertension) exercise can be dangerous and is an absolute contraindication
What dietary requirements are suited for a pregnant woman (serving of the 5 food groups)
Grains; 8.5 Serves Veggies; 5 Serves Fruit; 2 Serves Meat; 3.5 Serves Dairy; 2.5 Serves
What dietary requirements are suited for a middle aged man (serving of the 5 food groups)
Grains; 6 Serves Vegetables; 6 Serves Fruit; 2 Serves Meat; 3 Serves Dairy; 2.5 Serves
What dietary requirements are suited for a teenage female (serving of the 5 food groups)
Grains; 7 Serves Vegetables; 5 Serves Fruit; 2 Serves Meat; 2.5 Serves Dairy; 3.5 Serves
What are the 5 Dietary Guidelines
Guideline 1. To achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious food and drinks to meet your energy needs.
Guideline 2. Enjoy a wide variety of nutritious foods from these five food groups every day.
Guideline 3. Limit intake of foods containing saturated fat, added salt, added sugars and alcohol.
Guideline 4. Encourage, support and promote breastfeeding
Guideline 5. Care for your food; prepare and store it safely.
