WK 5: Midterm Flashcards
Your patient is waking up from a seizure; it was the patient’s first seizure ever. When you ask what happened, the patient tells you she had the smell of fresh mown grass just before she seized. This sensation is known as a(n):
aura
The death of brain tissue due to deprivation of oxygen because of a blocked or ruptured artery in the brain is known as which of the following?
stroke
A hormone called insulin is secreted by the:
islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.
Which of the following is an action of insulin?
It helps the movement of sugar from the bloodstream to the cell.
Which of the following is characteristic of a patient with hyperglycemia?
A “fruity” odor of the breath
Most of the diabetic emergencies that you will be called to deal with will be related to hypoglycemia. However, occasionally you will experience an instance of hyperglycemia. In the list below, which item is NOT likely to be a sign or symptom of hyperglycemia?
Reduced rate of breathing
You are called to a farmhouse on a sunny spring afternoon. Upon arrival, a frantic mother tells you that her 3-year-old daughter was playing in the yard, accidentally stepped on a hornets’ nest, and was stung repeatedly. The patient is alert, screaming and crying, and can follow her mother’s commands. Her arms and legs are swollen and show the marks of several stings. Her body is covered in hives. Her vital signs are blood pressure 90/40, pulse 110, respiratory rate 24, and oxygen saturation 99 percent. Her lung sounds are clear and equal bilaterally. Her mother states she put “nox-a-sting” on the bites but the bites only seemed to get worse. What condition is the patient suffering from?
Allergic reaction from the hornets’ stings
Your patient is a 7-year-old girl who was prescribed an antibiotic for an ear infection. After 4 days on the antibiotic, the patient is experiencing hives and itching on her face, throat, and neck. Which of the following should you do?
Provide supportive care and monitor the patient’s condition during transport to the hospital.
You are on the scene of a 22-year-old female patient who is unresponsive. The patient’s mother states that she is deathly allergic to peanuts and accidentally ate stir fry cooked in peanut oil. The patient is unresponsive with agonal respirations at 6 per minute. What is your first action?
Insert an oral airway and apply oxygen at 15 liters per minute by bag-valve mask.
Which of the following is an action caused by epinephrine in anaphylaxis?
vasoconstriction
Which of the following statements about sepsis is true?
The exact pathway for the development of sepsis remains unclear, and most cases do not have a clearly defined source.
Which of the following patients is at the lowest risk of developing sepsis?
A college-aged patient who breaks his arm in a skateboard crash
According to the signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which of the following infection patients has an increased risk of sepsis?
A patient with a temperature of 95.4°F and a respiratory rate of 28
You are called to the scene of a 13-year-old male with a fever and cough. Upon assessment, you note a red blotch rash on the face and trunk, and small bluish-white spots on the inside of the cheeks. Based on this presentation, the patient likely has:
measles
You have been called to the scene of a 19-year-old college student who is at his parents’ house for the weekend. The patient complains of sensitivity to light and nausea. He also has a headache and is covered in what appears to be a red rash that does not blanch when pressed. Your partner asks the patient to sit up straight and then bring his chin down to his chest. For which of the following diseases is your partner assessing this patient?
meningitis
The term poison is best described as any substance that can do which of the following?
harm the body
Which of the following is a substance that will neutralize a poison or its effects?
antidote
Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs by which of the following routes?
inhalation
You are called to the scene of a 21-year-old female patient who is unresponsive. Her boyfriend suspects that she tried to commit suicide by overdosing on her depression medications. The patient is unresponsive to painful stimuli, with agonal respirations, and has vomited. She has a weak carotid pulse. After securing the airway and providing oxygen by bag-valve mask, what is the most important question the EMT can ask regarding the medication?
what medication did she take?
Which of the following is not part of the treatment for a 15-year-old female who has swallowed drain cleaner?
activated charcoal
Why would an EMT give activated charcoal to a patient who overdosed on a medication?
Activated charcoal binds to the medication, preventing absorption by the body.
Your patient is a 3-year-old female who has taken an unknown quantity of aspirin. She is conscious and alert. Which of the following orders is likely to be given by medical control?
administer activated charcoal
Regarding activated charcoal, which of the following is not true?
it does not work on all poisons
Why should an EMT utilize a local poison control center in managing a poisoning patient?
They can assist in finding out important information about the poison.
Immediate effects of alcohol are due to effects on which body system?
central nervous system
Pain that originates in an organ, such as the intestines, is called ________ pain.
visceral
Pain that the patient feels in a body part or area of the body that has nothing to do with a diseased organ is termed:
referred pain
Which of the following organs is located in the retroperitoneal space?
kidneys
Most organs of the abdomen are enclosed within the:
peritoneum
Organs of the right upper quadrant include:
most of the liver, gallbladder, and part of the large intestine.
Your patient is a 35-year-old female with abdominal pain. Which of the following findings cannot be attributed to the patient experiencing pain?
Decreased level of consciousness
Which of the following is a characteristic of referred pain?
It is felt in a location other than the organ causing it.
When the gallbladder is diseased, the pain is not only felt in the right upper quadrant (RUQ) but also in the right shoulder. This is known as:
referred pain
You are called to a residence for a 48-year-old male patient. He is lying in bed, groaning in pain and curled into a fetal position. His blood pressure is 88/50, pulse 136, and respiratory rate of 32. His wife states that he complained of lower right abdominal pain for several days that got progressively worse, until about an hour ago when it became suddenly unbearable. The wife states the husband had been refusing to see a doctor, but she finally called 911. You suspect appendicitis and are concerned about the subsequent onset of:
peritonitis.
You are called to the scene of a patient with abdominal pain. Upon arrival, you find a 38-year-old Asian man on the floor next to his desk writhing in pain. He is complaining of severe right-sided flank pain. His blood pressure is 140/90, pulse 100, and his skin is ashen and diaphoretic. You suspect:
renel colic
You respond to a 75-year-old female who is complaining of epigastric pain that feels like heartburn. The pain radiates to the right shoulder. Her vital signs are stable and she has a previous history of a myocardial infarction. She has prescription nitroglycerin tablets. She is most likely suffering from:
cholecystitis.
Pain felt in the epigastric region of the abdomen is of concern because of the possibility of which of the following?
MI
You are called to a nursing home for an 85-year-old patient complaining of abdominal pain. The patient has a history of dementia and cannot describe the pain to you. The nurse states the patient has been vomiting for about an hour, and the vomit looks like dark coffee grounds. His blood pressure is 90/40, pulse 100, and respiratory rate of 24. Aside from the airway, what is your greatest concern?
you patient will go into shock
Your patient is a 40-year-old female who has been experiencing abdominal pain and vomiting for 2 days. She is now responsive to verbal stimulus; has cool, dry skin; a heart rate of 116; respirations of 24; and a blood pressure of 100/70. Which of the following is the best position for transporting this patient?
Left lateral recumbent with the legs bent
Your patient is a 17-year-old with a history of asthma. She is complaining of pain in her lower abdomen. Assessment reveals that her breath sounds are clear and equal, she has a respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute, a heart rate of 96 beats per minute, and a blood pressure of 112/74 mmHg. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
Provide high-concentration oxygen.
Which of the following questions may help the EMT assess a patient with abdominal pain?
Do you have any allergies to foods or medicines?
Do you have any medical problems, such as diabetes or heart problems?
What medications are you taking?
Which of the following is not true concerning abdominal pain in geriatric patients?
The causes of abdominal pain in geriatric patients are rarely serious.
Which of the following statements concerning behavioral emergencies is true?
It may be difficult to determine what behavior is abnormal for a given person in a given situation.
When managing a patient who may hurt himself or others, you should do all of the following except:
make sure only you and the patient are in the room.
When providing emergency care to an aggressive or hostile patient, what is the highest priority?
Performing a scene size-up
Contraindications for the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) can include which of the following?
nausea and vomiting
What is the primary effect on the body when an EMT assists a patient with a prescribed inhaler if the patient is short of breath?
Dilation of the air passages
In what condition does fluid accumulate in the lungs, preventing them from breathing adequately?
Pulmonary edema
A weakened area of an artery that balloons out and may rupture, causing catastrophic bleeding, is called:
an aneurysm.
Which of the following is not a typical indication of congestive heart failure (CHF)?
weight loss
