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ENDO > Wk 4 > Flashcards

Wk 4 Flashcards

Anterior Pituitary

1
Q

What are the two components of the pituitary gland?

A

Adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary)

Neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary, release oxytocin & ADH)

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2
Q

How many cell types make up the anterior pituitary?

A

5 cell types

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3
Q

What are the secretory cell types?

A
  1. Somatotropes
  2. Lactotropes
  3. Corticotropes
  4. Thyrotropes
  5. Gonadotropes
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4
Q

How many hormones do the cell types secrete?

A

6 hormones

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5
Q

What is adenohypophysis composed of?

A
  1. Pars Distalis (90%)
  2. Pars Tuberalis
  3. Pars Intermedia
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6
Q

What are the two groups of cell types?

A
  1. Acidophils (somatotropes, lactotropes)
  2. Basophils (corticotropes, thyrotropes, gonadotropes)
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7
Q

What are somatotropes?

A
  • Release GH
  • Target liver and other growing tissues
  • Function is growth and stimulation of IGF-1
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8
Q

What are lactotropes?

A
  • Release prolactin (PRL)
  • Target the mammary gland
  • Function is milk production
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9
Q

What are corticotropes?

A
  • Release ACTH
  • Target the adrenal cortex
  • Function is cortisol and adrenal androgens
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10
Q

What are thyrotropes?

A
  • Release TSH
  • Target the thyroid gland
  • Function is the control of thyroid hormones
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11
Q

What are gonadotropes?

A
  • Release LH & FSH
  • Target the gonads
  • Function is to control Estrogen, testosterone, progesterone
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12
Q

Define tropic hormones

A

Hormones that are released by an endocrine gland and act upon another endocrine gland.

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13
Q

What are tropic hormones?

A
  • ACTH
  • TSH
  • LH & FSH
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14
Q

Define trophic hormones

A

Stimulate growth in target tissues.

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15
Q

What are trophic hormones?

A
  • GH
  • Prolactin
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16
Q

What is the difference between peptide and glycoprotein?

A

Peptide - smaller unit of a protein

Glycoprotein - many proteins joined

17
Q

Which hormones are proteins?

A

ACTH (peptide), GH, Prolactin

18
Q

Which hormones are glycoproteins?

A

TSH, LH, FSH

19
Q

What are the ACTH receptors?

A

MC2R –> increased cortisol and androgens in adrenal cortex.

MC1R –> hyperpigmentation (excess ACTH)

20
Q

What is the ACTH biosynthetic pathway?

A

Gs-cAMP-PKA signalling pathway

21
Q

What is the ACTH axis (negative feedback loop)?

A

Hypothalamic
Pituitary
Adrenal

22
Q

What is the action of ACTH?

A

Diurnal variation (fluctuations in 24hr cycle) in secretion; regulated by CRH; ADH with CRH stimulates ACTH.

23
Q

What are TSH receptors?

A

Thyroid gland cells

24
Q

What is the TSH biosynthetic signalling pathway?

A

Gs-cAMP-PKA signalling pathway

25
Q

What is the TSH axis (negative feedback loop)?

A

Hypothalamic
Pituitary
Thyroid

26
Q

What is the action of TSH?

A

Stimulates all steps in thyroid hormone synthesis.

27
Q

What are LH & FSH receptors?

A

Gonads (testis and ovary)

28
Q

What is the biosynthetic pathway for LH & FSH?

A

Gs-cAMP-PKA signalling pathway

29
Q

What is the axis for LH & FSH (negative feedback loop?

A

Hypothalamic
Pituitary
Gonads

30
Q

What is the action for LH & FSH?

A

Glycoprotein hormones have alpha and beta subunits, alpha subunit common for glycoprotein hormones.

31
Q

What are GH receptors?

A

Growth hormone receptors

32
Q

What is the biosynthetic signalling pathway for GH?

A

JAK-STAT signalling pathway

33
Q

What is the axis for GH (negative feedback loop?

A

Hypothalamic
Pituitary
Growth

34
Q

What is the action for GH?

A

Two regulatory hormones from hypothalamus, GHRH & GHIH.

35
Q

What is the prolactin biosynthetic synthesis pathway?

A

JAK-STAT signalling pathway

35
Q

What are prolactin receptors?

A

Breast tissue
- Causes milk production, breast growth & development, duct proliferation, milk protein synthesis

36
Q

What is the action of prolactin?

A

Inhibitory signal from hypothalamus:
- Dopamine inhibits prolactin –> increases GnRH –> increases FSH, LH –> ovulation
- TRH stimulates prolactin –> inhibits GnRH –> inhibits FSH, LH –> no ovulation

37
Q

What is prolactinoma?

A

Hypersecretion of prolactin (most frequent pituitary hyper secretion).
- Causes infertility in males
- Causes amenorrhea, galactorrhoea, menstrual irregularities in females

ENDO (10 decks)

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