WK 3 - Bioenergetics And Nutritional Support Of Exercise And Injury

Question 1

Define metabolism

Answer 1

The collection of chemical reactions that happen in each cell which allow it to function, survive and reproduce

Question 2

Define catabolism

Answer 2

Energy release in process

Question 3

Example of catabolism

Answer 3

Energy production from food molecule: polymers —> monomers —> oxidation of monomers —> energy released
- polysaccharides (CHO) —> monosaccharides (glucose)
- lipids —> fatty acids
- proteins —> amino acids
- nucleic acids —> nucleotides

Question 4

Define anabolism

Answer 4

Energy using process

Question 5

Examples of anabolism process

Answer 5

• the use of energy to create proteins
• progressive overload (‘Milo’ theory)

Question 6

What are the key polymer-monomer pairings

Answer 6

Polysaccharides (CHO) - Monosaccharides (glucose)
Lipids - fatty acids
Proteins - amino acids
Nucleic acids - nucleotides

Question 7

Define enzymes (and coenzymes)

Answer 7

They are substances that ensure metabolism is viable. They are not consumed in the reactions they catalyse and they increase the rate of metabolic reactions by decreasing the activation energy required significantly

Question 8

Describe the role of enzymes in the ‘lock and key’ model/mode of action

Answer 8

• substrate enters an active site of enzyme
• enzyme changes shape slightly as substrate binds, at the enzyme/substrate complex
• an enzyme/products complex is formed
• the products then leave the active site of enzyme

Question 9

What is ATP

Answer 9

It is the currency of energy for work

Question 10

How does ATP work

Answer 10

Energy to perform work comes from the energy stored within the chemical bonds of a variety of molecules

Question 11

What is the chemical process of ATP replenishment

Answer 11

The two fundamental metabolic systems - anaerobic and aerobic are used to replenish and maintain a continuous supply of ATP to provide energy for biological work