Wk 2) Research Methods Flashcards
What 2 divisions make up the forebrain?
a) Measuring glucose metabolism
b) Examining aspects of dopamine neurotransmission
c) Detection of brain rhythms
d) Accumulation of amyloid beta protein
What technique is used to ‘turn off’ a part of the brain and thereby investigate the resulting effects of this disruption
a) Electroencephalography (EEG)
b) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
c) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
d) X-ray
What does Positron Emission Tomography (PET) involve?
a) Random signals
b) Large Signals
c) Sensory evoked potentials
d) Brain rhythms
Which of the following statements are not true of event related potentials (ERPs)?
a) Electric activity in the hear
b) Electric activity in the brain
c) Electric activity in your visual cortex
d) Electric activity in muscles
Which of the following technique measures changes in magnetic fields on the surface of the brain?
a) MRI
b) fMRI
c) MEG
d) EEG
An EEG recording primarily reflects what aspects of brain activity?
a) electrical currents resulting from neuronal activity in cortical regions
b) magnetic fields in the brain
c) cortical blood flow
d) glucose metabolism in cortical and sub-cortical regions
What is injected into a subject before a PET scan?
a) saline solution
b) anaesthesia
c) radioactive substance
d) dye
What is MRI and what does it measure
a) Magnetic resonance imaging, brain structure
b) Magentic resonance imaging, brain function
c) Mental Reasoning imaging, brain structure
d) Mental Reasoning imaging, brain function
What is pure insertion?
a) addition of multiple cognitive processes into another set of cognitive processes without affecting the functioning of the rest
b) addition of a single cognitive process into another set of cognitive processes without affecting the functioning of the rest
c) the surgical insertion of a single electrode into the cortex of a rodent
d) the surgical insertion of a single electrode into the cortex of a human
What is the voltage of a resting neuronal potential
a) 0
b) -7
c) 70
d) -60
Which of the following options are not considered an acceptable usage of Positron Emission Tomography (PET)?
a) Measuring glucose metabolism
b) Examining aspects of dopamine neurotransmission
c) Detection of brain rhythms
d) Accumulation of amyloid beta protein
Which technique can be used to study physiology and neuroplasticity of motor cortex?
a) Electroencephalography (EEG)
b) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
c) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
d) X-ray
In the context of Event-related potentials (ERPs), Signal averaging is commonly used in the recording because it reduces the magnitude of
a) Random signals
b) Large signals
c) Sensory evoked potentials
d) Brain Rhythms
An EMG measures:
a) Electrical activity in the heart
b) Electrical activity in the brain
c) Electrical activity in your visual cortex
d) Electrical activity in your muscles
What does “EEG” stand for?
a) Electric energy graph
b) Electroencephalography
c) Encephalitic emotion graph
d) Excitatory Engagement Generator
A person is lying inside a scanner, taking part in an experiment after an injection of a radioactive ligand. This person is
a) a fMRI study
b) a PET study
c) a MEG study
d) an EEG study
Which of the following examined the structure of the brain, rather than brain activation?a
a) PET
b) MRI
c) fMRI
d) EEG
What does “MRI” stand for?
a) Magneto-Ray Idometry
b) Medical Radiometry Instrument
c) Magnetic Resonance Imaging
d) Maximal Radiology Imaging
What does the Electroencephalography (EEG) measure?
a) It detects electrical activity in your brain via electrical impulses
b) It detects electrical activity in the skeletal muscles.
c) It reveals information about both the structure and function of cells and tissues in the body through radioactive traces.
d) It detects electricity in the brains cortices
Which of the following is not an invasive measure?
a) Lesions
b) Micro-stimulation
c) Recording
d) Tomography (TMG)
Which of the brain scanning techniques requires the injection of radioactive ligands?
a) Positron Emission Tomography & Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
b) Electroencephalography
c) Positron Emission Tomography
d) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
What is one advantage on EEG over other brain imaging techniques?
a) High temporal resolution
b) Able to identify the distribution of specific brain molecules
c) Can elicit motor evoked potentials
d) High spatial resolution
EMG is measured in:
a) Microvolts
b) Megavolts
c) Volts
d) Milivolts
Which of the following are invasive methods?
a) Stereotaxic surgery, Electroencephalography & Magnetencephalography
b) Stereotaxic surgery, Extracellular neural recordings & Microstimulation
c) Electroencephalography, Magnetencephalography & Electromyography
d) Electroencephalography, Microstimulation, & Electromyography
Which of the following can be used to detect stages of sleep?
a) EMG
b) EEG
c) MEG
d) TMS
What does EMG stand for?
a) Electromyography
b) Electromusclegraphy
c) Electricalmusclegraph
d) Electricalmyography
Which of the following is not an invasive method of studying the brain?
a) Lesions
b) Sterotaxic Surgery
c) Stimulation
d) Gene knockout
What is the signal recorded in a functional MRI?
a) MRI signal
b) BOLD signal
c) fMRI signal
d) BOLM signal
What is signal averaging used for?
a) noise of EEG activity
b) EEG activity across
c) understandable terms
d) all of the above
What was the first neuroimaging technique to image brain function?
a) MRI scan
b) CT scan
c) TMS
d) PET scan
Which of the following is CORRECT?
a) EEG brain rhythms are NOT characteristic of different stages of sleep
b) EMG measures only voluntary movement
c) EEG can be used to detect brain rhythms
d) EMG occurs only after initiation of movement
EEG is characterised by which resolutions?
a) Poor temporal, poor spatial
b) Poor temporal, great spatial
c) Great temporal, poor spatial
d) Great temporal, average spatial
Which of the following is invasive?
a) Microsimulation
b) Transcranial magnetic stimulation
c) Electromyography
d) Electroencephalography
Which of the following is a main advantage of using a non-invasive method of brain studying:
a) There are no advantages for using a non-invasive method
b) It is possible to study the human brain while it is alive
c) There are no physical effects on the person
d) They are cost-effective
PET stands for:
a) Positron Emission Tomography
b) Purposeful Electromagnetic Transmitter
c) Personal Electric Tracker
d) Private Electric Transmission
What is subtractive logic used for?
a) To determine the best outcome for patients
b) Nothing, it is not relevant to biospychology
c) To isolate cognitive and neural processes
d) To determine cognitive and behavioural processes
What is the assumption of pure insertion?
a) The assumption that every individual has their own set of cognitive processes
b) The removal of a single cognitive process from another set of cognitive processes
c) An immunisation to send relevant chemicals to the brain in preparation for an MRI scan
d) The addition of a single cognitive process into another set of cognitive processes without affecting the function of the rest
“Horses for courses” refers to:
a) The understanding that it is rare for an individual to have both spatial AND temporal resolution
b) Horses that have studied at university
c) The understanding that one cannot have both spatial OR temporal resolution
d) The understanding that it is expected that an individual will have both spatial AND temporal resolution
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) involves injections of
a) Radioactive liquid
b) Radioactive glucose
c) Protein
d) Radioactive serotonin
Electroencephalography (EEG) can be used to detect
a) Brian Rhythm
b) Brain functionality
c) Cranial pain
d) Human volition
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) provides images of:
a) Muscle tension
b) Brain structures
c) Brain size
d) Brain activity
Electroencephalogram (EEG) measures:
a) Brain
b) Brain size
c) Development
d) During sleep
Event related potentials (ERPs) are:
a) Originate from pre-synaptic terminals
b) Have high temporal resolution, and poor spatial resolution
c) High poor temporal resolution, and high spatial resolution
d) A prolonged process, taking hours to days to measure
Electromyography (EMG):
a) Involves making a small incision in the skin and inserting electrodes into the muscle of interest
b) Involves taping electrodes to the skin surface above the muscle of interest
c) Involves taking X-Rays of muscles after a controlled exercise session
d) Uses different electrodes to EEG
Causation between a particular brain activity and cognitive function can be measured by:
a) Positron Emission Tomography
b) Electroencephalograph
c) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
d) Split- Brain Surgery
The change in the cortical EEG signifal elicited by momentary presenation of a sensory stimulus is referred to as:
a) Conditioned response
b) Sensory evoked potential
c) Alpha Waves
d) Far-Field potentials
Which brain-imaging technique may involve the injection of 2-deoxyglucose?
a) Computed Tomography
b) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
c) Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
d) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
A researcher wants to find out which part of the brain in humans is used during a memory task. Which of these brain measurement techniques would be most appropriate?
a) TMS
b) Lesioning
c) PET
d) EEG
If a researcher was looking to increase motor skill learning through non-invasive stimulation what would be the most effective
a) Using Magnetoenchephalography (MEG) to stimular the primary motor cortex
b) Using Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) to run current through the M1 area of the brain
c) Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to stimular the V1 section of the brain
d) Using microstimulation to stimulate the Primary motor cortex of the brain through microelectrodes
what does PET scan stand for?
a) Positron Electro Tomography
b) Positron Emission Tomography
c) Potentials Emission Tomography
d) Potentials Electo Tomography
What does an EEG measure?
a) Electrical activity of the brain
b) Electric activity produced by skeletal muscles
c) Muscle movement
d) Heart rate activity
what was the first neuroimaging technique to image brain function?
a) fMRI
b) PET
c) MRI
d) EEG
what is the effect of repetitive TMS ?
a) increases in neurotransmitter release in the stimulated brain region
b) decreases neuronal inhibition in the stimulated cortex
c) alters synaptic efficacy of stimulated cortex
d) influences synaptogenesis in the stimulated brain region
what are the properties of event related potentials?
a) high spatial resolution, high temporal resolution
b) unknown spatial resolution, high temporal resolution
c) low spatial resolution, low temporal resolution
d) high spatial resolution, unknown temporal resolution
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) functions using which of the four following methods?
a) The injection of a radioactive ligand
b) Stimulating the brain using a magnet
c) Electrodes positioned on the skin
d) Shifting electrons from a low energy state into a high energy state
