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Kinesiology > Wk 2: Muscular Syst in relation to movement-Arthro/Osteokinematics-Concave/Convex Rule > Flashcards

Wk 2: Muscular Syst in relation to movement-Arthro/Osteokinematics-Concave/Convex Rule Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the difference between Arthrokinematics and Osteokinematics?

A

Osteokinematics refers to joint motion whereas Arthrokinematics refers to joint Surface motion

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2
Q

Osteokinematic motion is often referred to as

a) Voluntary movement
b) Classical motion
c) Physiological motion
d) All the above
e) None of the above

A

d) All of the above

Voluntary movement, classical motion, physiological motion

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3
Q

Kinetics are the forces _____ movement

A

creating

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4
Q

Kinematics is the _____, _____,& _____ aspects of a moving system.

A

time, space, & mass

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5
Q

Arthrokinematics refers to the _____ of joint surface movement. Examples include spinning, _____, and _____

A

relationship, gliding and rolling.

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6
Q

Osteokinematics is the relationship of the _____ of bones around a joint _____

A

movement, axis

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7
Q

Arthrokinematics is the small movements happening at the _____ surface

A

joint

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8
Q

Arthrokinematic movements typically consist of rolls, _____/____, and _____.

A

glides/slides

spins

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9
Q

Osteokinematics typically consist of _____/_____, _____/_____ and internal/external _____

A

flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
Rotation

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10
Q

Osteokinematics describes clear movements of _____ that are visible from the outside.

A

bones

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11
Q

Gross movement that happens between two bones

A

Osteokinematics

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12
Q

Gross movement of bones at joints describes ___________

A

Osteokinematics

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13
Q

the study of the movement of bones associated with joints

A

Osteokinematics

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14
Q

the general term for the specific movements of joint surfaces

A

Arthrokinematics

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15
Q

Joint surfaces move with respect to one another by simultaneously _____, _____, and _____

A

rolling, gliding, and spinning

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16
Q

Movements at joint surfaces are collectively called

A

Arthrokinematics

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17
Q

Movements at joint surfaces follow the rules of _____and _____

A

concavity and convexity

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18
Q

Each joint or articulation involves two bony surfaces, one that is _____ and one that is _____

A

convex and concave

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19
Q

When the concave surface is fixed and the convex surface moves on it, the convex surface rolls and glides in _____ directions.

A

opposite

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20
Q

Why must convex joint surfaces roll and glide simultaneously?

A

to preserve joint integrity and prevent dislocation o the joint

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21
Q

What would happen if a convex surface were to roll on a fixed concave surface without gliding at the same time?

A

the joint would become dislocated

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22
Q

the concave convex rule depends on which _____ is moving

A

surface

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23
Q

When a concave surface moves, the bone and surface move in

ex: elbow flexion: as ulna(concave surface) moves Up on humerus(convex) the bone(ulna) also moves Up

A

the same direction

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24
Q

When a convex surface moves, the bone and surface move in

ex: shoulder ABD: as humerus (convex surface) moves Down on scapula, the bone moves Up

A

opposite directions

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25
Q

Osteokinematic movement is joint motion while Arthrokinematic motion is

A

joint SRUFACE motion

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26
Q

if a convex joint surface moves up, the bone moves

A

down

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27
Q

If a convex joint surface moves down, the bone moves

A

up

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28
Q

If a concave joint surface moves down, the bone moves_____

A

down

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29
Q

If a concave joint surface moves up, the bone moves _____

A

up

30
Q

When a muscle contracts, it _____

A

shortens

31
Q

The Origin of a muscle is typically ____

A

stable

32
Q

The Insertion of a muscle is typically the _____ part

A

movable

33
Q

Typically, the movable part of a muscle is its____

A

Insertion

34
Q

Typically, the stable part of a muscle is its ____

A

Origin

35
Q

Tendons connect ____ to bone

A

muscle

36
Q

Ligaments connect _____ to bone

A

bone

37
Q

Irritability & Excitability refer to a muscle’s _____to a stimulus

A

response

38
Q

Contractility is a muscle’s ability to

A

shorten

39
Q

The term describing a muscle’s ability to lengthen or stretch

A

Extensibility

40
Q

A muscle’s ability to return to normal resting length is called

A

Elasticity

41
Q

Tone is described as a muscle’s state of _____ or the slight _____ in a muscle when properly innervated

A

readiness, tension

42
Q

The slight tension in a muscle when properly innervated

A

Tone

43
Q

A muscle’s state of readiness is also known as it’s

A

Tone

44
Q

Abnormal tone means a muscle is _____ when it shouldn’t be

A

contracting

45
Q

A quick stretch before muscle contraction _____ strength.

A

increases

46
Q

A sustained stretch before muscle contraction ____ strength.

ex: stretching before running track will decrease strength. Warm up NOT stretch

A

decreases

47
Q

What is Active Insufficiency?

A

the point where a muscle can’t shorten farther without damage

48
Q

the point where a muscle can not shorten any farther or will get damaged

A

Active Insufficiency

49
Q

What is Passive Insufficiency?

A

point where a muscle can’t be elongated farther without damage

50
Q

When a muscle can’t be elongated farther without damage, this is called

A

Passive Insufficiency

51
Q

What is the purpose of strecthing?

A

To increase the resting length of a muscle

52
Q

The purpose of stretching is to _____ the resting length of a muscle

A

increase

53
Q

To stretch one-joint muscle, you must pit all two-joint muscles on ____ first.

A

slack

54
Q

Tenodesis the the movement of the _____ to move the fingers

A

wrist

55
Q

Due to tenodesis, when the wrist extends, the fingers _____

A

flex

56
Q

Because of tenodesis, when the wrist flexes, the fingers _____

A

extend

57
Q

Refers to when the length of a muscle/tendon unit causes motion

A

Tenodesis

58
Q

Insufficiencies occur in muscles spanning ___ joints

A

two

59
Q

Two-joint muscles do not have length to be stretched over both joints completely

A

TRUE

60
Q

Passive Insufficiency occurs when the multi-joint muscle is _____ to its fullest extent at both joints, but also preventing the full ___ of each joint it crosses.

A

lengthened/elongated, Range of Motion

ex: when the knee is fully extended, it’s way harder to fully flex the hip(full forward bending). bending the knees a little frees up the hips to flex a bit more.

61
Q

Both _____ and _____ insufficiency are functional states that occur in multi-joint muscles only.

A

active, passive

62
Q

Active Insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle _____ over BOTH joints simultaneously and hence, creates so much slack, that muscle tension is almost completely lost

A

shortens

ex: Knee is flexed up, hip is extended

63
Q

The time it takes a muscle tense or to build up enough tension to perform an action. The “delay phase”

A

slack

64
Q

To stretch a one-joint muscle, you must put all two-joint muscles on ____ first

A

slack

65
Q 
Name the types of muscle contractions
I
I 
  - 
  -
I
A 
Isometric
Isotonic 
  -Concentric
  -Eccentric
Isokinetic
66
Q

Isometric means

A

Same length

67
Q

In Isometric muscle contractions, there is no change in, in other words the muscle works but there’s no change in its length
What’s example of this?

A

muscle length, planking

68
Q

In Isotonic muscle contractions, a change in muscle _____ and _____ angle occurs. Often _____ gravity.

A

length, joint, against

69
Q

Isotonic means

A

same tension

70
Q

Isokinetic means

A

same speed

71
Q

In Isokinetic muscle contractions, _____ changes depending on mechanics of the muscle. Usually done with special equipment and there is the _____ resistance through motion

A

resistance, same

Kinesiology (2 decks)

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