Wk 2 - Hormones Of Pregnancy Flashcards
Name the four main hormones of pregnancy:
- Oestrogen
- Progesterone
- Human Chorionic Gondatropin (hCG)
- Human Placental Lactogen (hPL)
Which two hormones does the corpus luteum release?
Oestrogen and progesterone.
What is the syncytiotrophoblast?
Mass of tissue which implants into the endometrium.
Which hormone does the syncytiotrophoblast secrete?
hCG (human chorionic gondatropin)
Define a “teratogen”…
Something that effects embryo in early/initial development. Eh. Cigarettes and alcohol.
List examples of presumptive or possible signs of pregnancy:
- breast change (3-4 wks)
- amenorrhea (4 wks)
- morning sickness (4-14 wks)
- bladder irritability (6-12 wks)
- quickening (14-20 wks)
List probable signs of pregnancy:
- Biochemical pregnancy test (hGC) {blood = 9/10 days, urine = 14 wks} - Hegar's sign (softened isthmus VE) (6-12 wks) - Chadwicks sign (blue vagina) (8 wks) - Osianders sign (pulsation of fornices) (8 wks) - Uterine growth (8 wks) - Braxton Hicks Contractions (16 wks) - Ballottement of fetus (16-28)
List positive signs of pregnancy:
- ultrasound (transvaginal) (5 wks)
- Doppler (12 wks)
- fetal movements palpable (22 wks)
- fetal parts palpable (24 wks)
What are three notable changes to the vagina during pregnancy?
- Increases in muscularity to prepare for birth.
- Production of white mucus - leucorrhea. (Not offensive/ irritating)
- More prone to infection due to warm nourishing environment, particularly thrush. (offensive and irritating)
What does embryogenesis of BREAST DEVELOPMENT refer to?
During the 4th wk a primitive milk streak develops from the axilla to the groin on the trunk of the embryo. During the 5th wk this develops into the mammary ridge of the milk line.
Embryogenesis = of the mammary gland begin in the 6th wk - 38 wks (milk ducts fully developed).
Define mammogenesis of BREAST DEVELOPMENT:
The growth and development of the mammary glands, noticeably in the female @ puberty under oestrogen.
Lactogensis of BREAST DEVELOPMENT:
Breast has reached functional capacity, initiation and production of colostrum and breastmilk.
At what week do great changes begin to occur?
6 weeks.
What physical indications may women experience in the early stage of pregnancy?
- increase in breast size, tenderness and a tingling sensation.
Under the influence of oestrogen, placental lactogen, prolactin, and hCG which anatomical breast structure is developed?
The development of the duct system.
Under the influence of progesterone which anatomical breast structure is developed?
The lobes.
Which hormone is required for complete lobe and alveolar development in the breast? Where is it produced?
Prolactin - produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.