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Bio Science For Midiwfery > Wk 1 - The Reproductive System + Related Anatomy > Flashcards

Wk 1 - The Reproductive System + Related Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

List the anatomical structures of the pelvis:

A
  • sacrum
  • coccyx
  • ilium
  • ischium
  • pubic bone
  • symphysis pubis
  • pelvic brim
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2
Q

List the anatomical joints of the pelvis:

A
  • sacroiliac

- sacro-coccy-geal

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3
Q

How does the hormone relaxin affect the pelvis during pregnancy? *

A

Cartelidge of the symphysis pubis softens due to the effects of progesterone, therefore pubic bones can shift and rub against one another. *

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4
Q

Name the superficial muscles of the pelvic floor:

A
  • ischiocarernosus
  • bublospongiosus
  • vagina
  • superficial transverse perineal
  • external anal sphincter
  • anus
  • gluteus maximums
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5
Q

Name the deep muscles of the pelvic floor:

A
  • urethra
  • external urethral sphincter
  • deep transverse perineal
  • pubococcygeus (lavator ani)
  • illiococcygeus (lavator ani)
  • sacrotuberous ligament
  • coccygeus
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6
Q

Name the three layers of the uterus:

A
  • the perimetrium
  • the myometrium
  • the endometrium
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7
Q

What loosely fit sheath forms the outer layer of the uterus, allowing for unrestricted growth in pregnancy?

A

The perimetrium.

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8
Q

What does the myometrium form, and what is it composed of?

A

Forms the middle layer of the uterus. Composed of smooth muscle.

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9
Q

The mucous lining of the uterus, where a fertilised ovum will implant and grow is called the…?

A

Endometrium

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10
Q

Which layer of the uterus is comprised of three smooth muscle layers?

A

The myometrium.

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11
Q

Which layer of the myometrium contains circular fibres that run in a longitudinal plane? What is the main function?

A

The inner layer. This acts to dilate the cervix during labour.

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12
Q

What is the structure and function of middle layer of the myometrium?

A

Function - involved in the downward propulsion of foetus.

Structure - interlaced spiral fibres forming figure eight networks.

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13
Q

Which layer of the myometrium contains “living ligatures” and what are they important for?

A

The middle layer. Important for minimising blood loss through fibres which obliquely wrap around blood vessels in a tight network which also constrict to expel the baby.

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14
Q

Which layer of the myometrium is a combination of longitudinal and circular smooth muscle fibres?

A

The outer layer.

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15
Q

Explain the follicular development in relation to the ovarian cycle? Note the days, and the phase of the uterine phase in relation to this.

A
  1. Primary follicle (during days 1-5/ menstrual phase)
  2. Secondary follicle (on day 5-10 / proliferative phase)
  3. Vesicular follicle (on day 10-14 / proliferative phase)
  4. Ovulation (day 14 / secretory phase)
  5. Corpus luteum (days 5-20 / secretory phase)
  6. Degenerating corpus luteum ( days 20-28 / secretory phase)
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16
Q

Describe the menstrual, proliferative and secretory phases of the uterine cycle? And on what days do these occur?

A
  1. Menstrual phase - the functional layer of the endometrium is shed. (Days 1-5)
  2. The proliferative phase - the functional layer of the endometrium is rebuilt. (Days 5-15)
  3. The secretory phase - begins immediately after ovulation, enrichment of blood supply, glandular secretions prepare endometrium to receive embryo. (Days 15-28)
17
Q

What are the three phases of the uterine cycle?

A
  1. Menstrual
  2. Proliferative
  3. Secretory
18
Q

What is the hormonal influence of oestrogen on the uterus in pregnancy?

A

Promotes the growth of myometrial muscle.

19
Q

What is the hormonal influence of progesterone on the uterus in pregnancy?

A

Sustains pregnancy by inhibiting muscular action of the uterus.

20
Q

What are the five hormones of the female reproductive system?

A
  • Oestrogen
  • Progesterone
  • Gondatropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinising Hormone (LH)
21
Q

What are the structures of the female genitalia?

A
  • mons pubis
  • labia majora
  • clitoris
  • urethral opening
  • labia minor
  • vagina
  • bartholin glands
  • fourchette
  • vestibular fossa
  • perineum
  • anus
22
Q

The lavator ani include?

A
  • the pubococcygeus
  • the iliococcygeus
  • the ischiococcygeus
23
Q

The levator ani are vital for?

A

Control of bladder and bowel functions.

24
Q

Th four basic types of pelvis are:

A
  1. Android
  2. Gynaecoid
  3. Anthropoid
  4. Platypelloid
25
Q

The placenta implants within the walls of the?

A

Endometrium.

26
Q

As the pregnancy progresses the cervix softens and shortens. This is called?

A

Effacement.

27
Q

The fundus is located?

A

At the top of the uterine body extending to, but not including, the Fallopian tubes.

Bio Science For Midiwfery (5 decks)

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