WK 2

Question 1

methods of studying bacteria

Answer 1

1. Microscopic
2. Cultural
3. Serological
4. Animal inoculation
5. Molecular techniques

Question 2

Two types of preparations for microscopic exams:

Answer 2

wet mount and bacterial smear

Question 3

for living cells to see motility tissue
sections

Answer 3

wet mount

Question 4

ovement seen is
due to molecules of the solvent medium
bombarding with the organism’s surface;
occurs in all microscopic bodies
suspended in water.

Answer 4

brownian motility

Question 5

movement of a bacteria
in a given direction.

Answer 5

true motility

Question 6

be best
obsserved during wet mounttechnique.

Answer 6

Features which may be particulate, such as spores
of fungi and ferns, and pollen grains may be best
obsserved during this technique

Question 7

2 methods in wet mount

Answer 7

normal wet mount and hanging drop metjhod

Question 8

the best smears are made from

Answer 8

he best smears are made from bacteria that have
grown on a solid surface such as an agar slant or
plate.

Question 9

Basic Cultural Techniques

Answer 9

1. Grow bacteria
2. Isolate bacteria
3. Grow bacteria in pure culture
4. Observe bacteria
5. Identify bacteria

Question 10

5 I’s following specimen collection

Answer 10

• Inoculation – producing a culture
• Incubation – creating the proper temperature and other
  conditions to promote the growth of microbes
• Isolation – separating microbes from one another, grow
  colonies (pure cultures).
• Inspection – observing characteristics of colonies and
  cultures (color, texture, size, shape, motility).
• Identification – main purpose is to determine the type of
  microbe using biochemical, immunologic, serologic tests,
  and DNA analysis

Question 11

It provides rapid and accurate data when it comes to dealing
with results.

Answer 11

Molecular techniques

Question 12

– bacteria possess diverse proteins and RNA that
can sense change to their intracellular and extracellular
movement. The signals received by these macromolecules
are transmitted to key genes or proteins which alter their
activities to suit the new conditions

Answer 12

signalnig

Question 13

for stain typing of
epidemiologically related organisms.

Answer 13

Pulsified gel electrophoresis

Question 14

how bacteria evolves.

Answer 14

Phylogenetic studies

Question 15

– to detect genetic
material from a specific organism such as virus, to amplify
DNA sequences.

Answer 15

pcr

Question 16

separate double-stranded DNA

Answer 16

Denutration

Question 17

complementary sequence is attached

Answer 17

Annealing

Question 18

extending the gene to amplify the
genes

Answer 18

Extension

Question 19

specificity and quantification
of the targer organism.

Answer 19

Quantitative PCR

Question 20

sed routinely in microbiology to
separate DNA, RNA, or protein molecules using an electric
field by virtue of their size, shape, or electric charge

Answer 20

gel electrophoresis

Question 21

molecular techniques for
detecting the presence of microbial:
o DNA sequences (Southern)

Answer 21

Southern blotting, northern blotting, western blotting,
and eastern blotting

Question 22

used in microbiology as the modern
alternative to the “blotting” techniques

permit the exploration of thousands
of sequences at one time.

Used in molecular microbiology to detect the
presence of pathogens in a sample (air, water,
organ tissue, etc.)

sed to determine the genetic differences
between two microbial stains

Answer 22

dna microassays

Question 23

first to be completely analysed by DNA
Sequencing

Answer 23

viral genomes

Question 24

) was discovered as a cellular
gene regulation mechanism in 1998, but several RNAibased applications for gene silencing have already made it
into clinical trials

Answer 24

rna interferencew

Question 25

Transfer tools or Inoculating tools

Answer 25

1. Serological pipette – putting a autoclave tape at the
   end of the pipette, so when it is aspirated, it won’t reach
   the aspirator. It should be individually wrapped using a
   paper, and put them in canister when placed in a
   autoclave. It has volume markings.
2. Pasteur pipet – putting a cotton plugs so that when it
   overflows when aspirated too much, the liquid won’t
   reach the aspirator but will be absored by the cotton.
3. Disposable transfer pipet – plastic and has various
   sizes.
4. Inoculating loop – it has a circle in the tip, comes into
   two sizes: 1ul and 10 ul loop.
5. Inoculating needle
6. Cotton Swab – it must be individually wrapped, not in
   packed to avoid contamination.
7. Glass spreading rod – spreads the specimens in the
   culture medium.
8. Loop sterilizer – sterilizes the inoculating loop and
   needle. If not available, Bunsen burner can be used

Question 26

Aseptic technique is the process of:

Answer 26

• Preventing contamination of a culture with environmental
  microbes.
• Preventing contamination of yourself or the environment
  with the organism in the culture.
• Remember everything is contaminated with a variety of
  environmental microbes.
• Remember microbes are visible, you must “see with your
  minds eye” during these procedures

Question 27

types of aseptic transfer

Answer 27

Types:
o Plate to broth or broth to plate
o Plate to plate
o Broth to broth
o Broth to slide
o Plate to slide

Question 28

Bacterial colony on LIQUID MEDIUM

Answer 28

1. Degree of growth: absence, scanty, moderate,
   abundant, etc.
2. Present of turbidity and its nature: the more turbid it
   is, the more bacteria are present.
3. Presence of deposit and its character
4. Nature of surface growth
5. Ease and disintegration and odor

Question 29

Observe bacterial colony on a SOLID MEDIUM

Answer 29

1. Shape: circular, irregular, radiate, or rhizoid.
2. Size: diamete in mm.
3. Elevation: this describes the “side view” of a colony.
   These are the most common.
   o Flat, raised, low convex, dome shaped.
4. Margin: the margin or edge of a colony (or any growth)
   may be an important characteristic in identifying
   organisms.
   o Entire, wavy, lobate, filiform
5. Surface: smooth, wavy, rough, granular, papillate,
   glistening, etc.
6. Texture: dry, moist, mucoid, brittle, viscous, butyrous
   (buttery).
7. Color: colorless, pink, black, red, bluish-green.

Question 30

producing a culture

Answer 30

inoculation

Question 31

creating the proper temperature and other
conditions to promote the growth of microbes

Answer 31

incubation

Question 32

separating microbes from one another, grow
colonies (pure cultures

Answer 32

isolation

Question 33

observing characteristics of colonies and
cultures (color, texture, size, shape, motility)

Answer 33

inspection

Question 34

main purpose is to determine the type of
microbe using biochemical, immunologic, serologic tests,
and DNA analysis.

Answer 34

identification