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RES: FINALS > WK 13 Research Ethics and History > Flashcards

WK 13 Research Ethics and History Flashcards

1
Q

Inoculated 8-year-old James Phipps with cowpox, then smallpox 3 months later

A

Edward Jenner

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1
Q

These are moral principles that govern a person’s behavior or the conducting of an activity

A

Ethics

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2
Q

Later led to the discovery of the smallpox vaccine

A

Edward Jenner

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3
Q

Represented the first scientific attempt to control an infectious disease by vaccination

A

Edward Jenner

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4
Q

US Army surgeon, Chairman of the Reed Commission

A

Major Walter Red

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5
Q

Utilized Spanish immigrant volunteers; paid more those who contracted the disease

A

Major Walter Red

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6
Q

Eventually proved that yellow fever was spread by female Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes

A

Major Walter Reed

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7
Q

Tested side effects of a popular cholera vaccine on 24 inmates in Bilibid Prison

A

Dr. Richard Strong

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8
Q

Killed 13 people

A

Dr. Richard Strong

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9
Q

The Angel of Death

A

Dr. Josef Mengele

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10
Q

Notorious for selecting prisoners for execution and conducting human experiments on camp inmates, including sterilization experiments, unnecessary amputations, and intentional infections, including children

A

Dr. Josef Mengele

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11
Q

23 leading German physicians and administrators tried for war crimes and crimes against humanity, among others

A

The Nuremberg Trials

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12
Q

Established The Nuremberg Code

A

The Nuremberg Trials

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13
Q

Formed the World Medical
Association (WMA) in 1947

A

The Nuremberg Trials

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14
Q

aka Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects

A

Declaration of Helsinki

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15
Q

Governs international research ethics and defines rules for research for clinical care and non-therapeutic research

A

Declaration of Helsinki

16
Q

Formed the basis for the Good Clinical Practices guidelines used today

A

Declaration of helsinki

17
Q

Most recent revision was from October 2013

A

Declaration of helsinki

18
Q

What does Sec A of Declaration of Helsinki do?

A

defines human research and its necessity and emphasizes on the responsibility of the physician to prioritize participant health. This section stresses that special populations involved in research must be closely monitored.

19
Q

What does Sec B of Declaration of Helsinki do?

A

discusses basic principles for medical research and reiterates the points of the Nuremberg Code.

20
Q

What does Sec C of Declaration of Helsinki do?

A

discusses research combined with medical care and states that research can only be combined with clinical care if it has the potential to prevent, diagnose, or treat.

21
Q

Only 74 of 400 subjects remained alive

A

Tuskegee Syphilis Study

22
Q

Led to the first revision of the Declaration of Helsinki

A

Tuskegee Syphilis Study

23
Q

Led to the passing of the National Research Act of 1974
* Created the National Commission for Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research

A

Tuskegee Syphilis Study

24
Q

A statement of basic ethical principles and guidelines addressing ethical problems in research with human participants

A

Belmont Report

(National Commission for Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 1974)

25
Q

3 basic principles of Clinical Research Ethics

A

Respect for person, Beneficence and non maleficence, Justice

26
Q

7 guiding principles

A
  1. social or scientific value
  2. scientific valididty
  3. fair subject selection
  4. favorable risk/benefit ration
  5. independent review
  6. informed consent
  7. Respect for enrolled participants
27
Q

Advised for the establishment of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) system

A

Belmont Report

28
Q

Government-mandated board of experts established at each institution that is engaged in the research process

A

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

29
Q

Charged with monitoring the ethical conduct of research as outlined by the Belmont Report

A

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

30
Q

3 Levels of review:

A

Full
Expedited
Exempt

RES: FINALS (3 decks)

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