wk 12 - digital trends Flashcards
AI learning
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the scientific discipline concerned with making computers reason or behave like humans
* Includes machine learning, i.e. the design of algorithms that allow computers to induce general knowledge or evolve behaviour based on empirical data (i.e. learn from experience)
example areas of AI
Game playing: programming computers to play games such as chess and checkers
– E.g. IBM’s Deep Blue versus chess master Garry Kasparov
– More recently, Google’s AlphaGo beating a Go master – a much more complex game; what is revolutionary is that AlphaGo mastered the game by learning from playing itself over and over again
* Natural-language processing and voice recognition: programming computers to understand natural human languages
* Robotics: programming computers to see and hear and react to other sensory stimuli, walk around in their environment, etc.
AI future impact
AI has got to the point that it now excels at specific tasks but genuine “all-round” intelligence has remained elusive
* For generic tasks such as image processing, speech recognition, etc., code can be accessed through the cloud and embedded in other software or devices
* Explosion of AI startups (and takeovers)
* How will advances in AI continue transforming business and society?
Blockchain
Another technology that may disrupt many existing sectors and is spurring
a raft of startups is Blockchain
* At the heart of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, but concept that has many
other potential applications
* Digital ledger of transactions sequentially grouped into blocks and stored in a way that is designed to be tamper-resistant
* Data can be distributed over a large network
* Potential applications in storing financial transactions (without a traditional bank having to confirming them?), conveyancing, online identity, voting, etc.
examples of blockchain
Cryptocurrencies: Blockchain technology is the foundation of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin.
* Supply Chain Management: Blockchain technology can be used to track and trace products as they move through the supply chain, providing greater transparency and security. This can help prevent fraud, reduce waste, and improve efficiency. E.g. Walmart: By using blockchain, they can track each step of the supply chain from farm to store, which helps them identify the source of any food safety issues that may arise.
Information system theories (TOE)
TOE Framework: The process by which a firm adopts and implements technological innovations is influenced by the technological context, the organizational context, and the environmental context (DePietro, Wiarda, & Fleischer, 1990).
* Dependent construct: Technology Adoption (or Likelihood of Adoption, Intention to Adopt, Extent of Adoption)
* Independent construct: Technological, Organizational, and Environmental Contexts
IS theories (dynamic capabilities)
Dynamic Capabilities Theory: The ‘ability to integrate, build, and reconfigure internal and external competencies to address rapidly-changing environments’ (Teece et al., 1997)
* Dependent construct: Sustainable competitive advantage
* Independent constructs: Capabilities, absorptive capacity, environmental turbulence, agility
