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HMDEV100 Lifespan development > WK 1 reading chapter 1 > Flashcards

WK 1 reading chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

lifespan perspective

A

views development as lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic multidisciplinary and contextual and a process that involves growth, maintenance and regulation of loss

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2
Q

Plasticity

A

the capacity for change

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3
Q

What 3 types of influences does contexts exert

A

normative age-graded influences, normative history-graded influences and nonnormative or highly individualized life events

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4
Q

Normative age graded influences

A

similar for individuals in a particular age group e.g puberty and menopause

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5
Q

Normative history graded influences

A

are common to people of a particular generation because of historical circumstances e.g world war 1

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6
Q

nonnormative life events

A

unusual occurrences that have a major impact on the lives of individual people. they don’t happen to everyone.

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7
Q

Baltes mastery of life involves

A

growth, regulation and loss

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8
Q

culture

A

the behaviour patterns, beliefs and all other products of a group that are passed on from generation to generation

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9
Q

Cross-cultural studies

A

comparison of one culture with one or more cultures

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10
Q

Ethnicity

A

a characteristic based on cultural heritage, nationalitycharacteristics, race religion and language

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11
Q

Socioeconomic status

A

refers to the grouping of people with similar occupational, educational and economic characteristics

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12
Q

gender

A

the characteristics of people as males or females

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13
Q

social policy

A

a national government’s course of action designed to promote the welfare of it’s citizens

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14
Q

biological processes

A

produce changes in an individuals physical nature

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15
Q

Cognitive processes

A

refer to changes in the individuals thought, intelligence and language

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16
Q

socioemotional processes

A

involves changes in the individuals relationships with other people, changes in emotions and changes in personality

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17
Q

developmental cognitive neuroscience

A

explores links between development, cognitive processes and the brain

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18
Q

developmental social neuroscience

A

examines connections between socioemotional processes, development and the brain

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19
Q

developmental period

A

refers to a time frame in a person’s life that is characterised by certain features

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20
Q

Prenatal period

A

conception to birth- exceptional growth

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21
Q

Infancy

A

birth-18/24 months- time of extreme dependence, sensorimotor coordination and social learning

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22
Q

Early childhood

A

3-5 years - learn to become more self-sufficient, develop reading skills

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23
Q

Middle and late childhood

A

6-10/11 years, master reading, writing and arithmetic, achievement become a more central theme of the child’s world, self-control increases

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24
Q

Adolescence

A

10-12 to 18-21 years, puberty, seek independence and identity, thought is more logical, abstract and idealistic

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25
Q

Early adulthood

A

20s and 30s- establishing economic independence, advance career, build relationships and families

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26
Q

Middle adulthood

A

40-60s, expanding social and personal involvement, maintaining satisfaction in career

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27
Q

Late adulthood

A

60s/70s- death reflecting on their life, attempting to maintain faculties and health

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28
Q

3 development patterns of aging

A

normal ageing, pathological ageing and successful ageing

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29
Q

Normal ageing

A

psychological functioning peaks in early middle age, remains stable until late fifties to early sixties and and declines in 80s

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30
Q

Pathological ageing

A

individuals who show greater than average decline as they age through their adult years

31
Q

successful aging

A

individuals who maintain faculties longer

32
Q

chronological age

A

the number of years that have elapsed since birth

33
Q

biological age

A

is a person’s age in terms of biological health

34
Q

Psychological age

A

is an individuals adaptive capacities compared with those of other individuals of the same chronological age

35
Q

social age

A

refers to connectedness with others and the social roles individuals adopt

36
Q

nature-nurture issue

A

involves the extent to which development is influenced by nature and by nurture

37
Q

Nature

A

refers to an organism’s biological inheritance

38
Q

nurture

A

an organisms environmental experiences

39
Q

epigenetic view

A

states that development reflects an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between genes and the environment

40
Q

stability change issue

A

involves the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or change

41
Q

continuity-discontinuity issue

A

focuses on the degree to which development involves either gradual, cumulative change or distinct stages.

42
Q

scientific method

A

a four-step process 1) conceptualise, 2)collect research, 3) analyse data, 4) draw a conclusion

43
Q

theory

A

interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain phenomena and facilitate predictions

44
Q

hypotheses

A

specific assertions and predictions that can be tested

45
Q

Psychoanalytic theories

A

describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily coloured by emotions

46
Q

Freuds theory

A

that patients problems were a result of experiences early in life- Psychosexual development

47
Q

5 stages of psychosexual development

A

oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital

48
Q

eriksons theory

A

eight stages of development unfold as we grow through life

49
Q

eriksons 8 stages

A

trust versus mistrust, autonomy versus shame and doubt, initiative versus guilt, industry versus inferiority, identity versus identity confusion, intimacy versus isolation, generativity versus stagnation, integrity versus despair.

50
Q

piagets theory (cognitive developmental)

A

states that children go through four stages of cognitive development as they actively construct their understanding of the world

51
Q

piagets theory 4 stages

A

sensorimotor stages, preoperational stage, concrete operational stage and formal operational stage

52
Q

vygotsky’s theory (cognitive)

A

sociocultural cognitive theory that emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive development

53
Q

social cognitive theory

A

holds that behaviour, environment and cognition are the key factors in development

54
Q

ethology

A

stresses that behaviour is strongly influenced by biology, is tied to evolution and is characterised by critical or sensitive periods

55
Q

imprinting

A

the rapid, innate learning that involves attachment to the first moving object seen

56
Q

brofenbrenners ecological theory

A

holds that development reflects the influence of several environmental systems

57
Q

brofenbrenners 5 envornmental systems

A

microsystem, mesosystem, ecosystem, macrosystem and chronosystem

58
Q

microsystem

A

is the setting in which the individual lives e.g home, neighbourhood, school, families, peers

59
Q

mesosystem

A

relations between Microsystems or connections between contexts

60
Q

exosystem

A

links between a social setting in which the individual does not have an active role and the individuals immediate context

61
Q

macrosystem

A

involves the culture in which they live

62
Q

chronosystem

A

patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course as well as sociohistorical circumstances

63
Q

eclectic theoretical orientation

A

does not follow any one theoretical approach but rather selects from each theory whatever is considered its best features

64
Q

naturalistic observation

A

observing behaviour in real-world settings making no effort to manipulate or control the situation

65
Q

standardized test

A

has uniform procedures for administration and scoring

66
Q

case study

A

in depth look at a single individual

67
Q

descriptive research

A

aims to observe and record behaviour

68
Q

correlational research

A

to describe the strength of the relationship between two or more events or characteristics

69
Q

cross-sectional approach

A

a research strategy that simultaneously compares individuals of different ages

70
Q

longitudinal approach

A

the same individuals are studies over a period of time, usually several years or more

71
Q

cohort

A

a group of people who are born at a similar point in history and share similar experiences as a result e.g living through the Vietnam war

72
Q

steps to conducting ethical reserach

A

informed consent, confidentiality, debriefing, deception,

73
Q
A

HMDEV100 Lifespan development (11 decks)

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