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Pharmaco For Pod > Wk 1- QUM/PD/PK > Flashcards

Wk 1- QUM/PD/PK Flashcards

1
Q

Quality Use Medicines principles- NMP

A
  1. Judiciously- only when needed
  2. Appropriately- the right medicine for condition and person
  3. Safely- misuse minimised
  4. Efficaciously- medicine delivers benefits
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2
Q

Regulations between states are the same T/F

A

FALSE. Must practice in accordance to the state you’re in, all different. overrides everything

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3
Q

2 main legislations/organisations that asses and monitor medicines

A
  1. TGA: approve drugs, monitor drugs
  2. SUSMP (poisons standard): scheduling of drugs
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4
Q

Scheduling list

A

S1- not in use
S2- pharmacy medicine
S3- OTC pharmacist only medicine
S4- prescription only medicine
S5- caution
S6- poison
S7- dangerous poison
S8- controlled drug
S9- prohibited
S10- no sale, supply or use. Very dangerous
+unscheduled- supermakets

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5
Q

Podiatrists with ESM are able to

A
  • administer
  • Obtain
  • Possess
  • Prescribe
  • Sell
  • Supply
  • Use
    S2, 3, 4 (podiatrist) and 8 (surgeon) medicines (Medicines and posions act- medicines regulation)
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6
Q

What do u need for prescribing rights

A
  1. Endorsement from the board
  2. Authority from state drugs and poisons legislation (medicines and poisons regulation 2021
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7
Q

drug classes that a podiatrist can prescribe

A
  1. antihistamines/sympathomimetics
  2. analegesics
  3. anaesthetics (general/local)
  4. antidotes
  5. antibacterials
  6. antiinfectives
  7. antifungals
  8. corticosteroids
  9. psychotrpoic
  10. rhuematological
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8
Q

pbs and non pbs medicine

A

non pbs - not subsidised

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9
Q

roles of TGA

A
  1. approve products with therapeutic claims
    2.pre market evaluation of new drugs
  2. post market monitoring
  3. licensing of australian manufactors
  4. veriying overseas manufacturing
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10
Q

what acts/regulation is important for podiatrists

A

medicines and poisons act 2019
medicines and poisons regulation 2021

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11
Q

Pharmacodynamics is

A

What the drug does to the body

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12
Q

Pharmacokinetics is

A

What the body does to the drug
ADME
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

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13
Q

Factors that impact drug absorption (6)

A
  1. Water or lipid solubility (unionised drugs typically lipid)
  2. Concentration
  3. Surface area
  4. Vascularity of surface
  5. Contact time with surface
  6. Route of administration
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14
Q

How does a drug stay unionised

A
  • pH is the same as environment
    Acidic drug in acidic environment
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15
Q

What route has the lowest bioavailability

A

Oral, FPM

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16
Q

Outcomes of metabolism can be

A

Active drug into active metabolite or inactive
metabolite or toxic metabolic OR
PRO drug into active drug

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17
Q

low drug distribution means

A

retained within vasculature, acidic drug

18
Q

high drug distribution means

A

lipid soluble and distributed to tissues, basic drug

19
Q

Phase 1 metabolism

A

Adding a function group tp make the drug more water soluble (hydrophilic), which is more likely to be excreted by kidneys

20
Q

Reactions in phase 1 metabolism

A
  1. Oxidation (CYP450 enzyme)
  2. Reduction
  3. Hydrolysis
21
Q

Phase 2 metabolism

A

Occurs in the liver, conjugation with endogenous compounds to make it further hydrophilic

22
Q

difference between CYP450 enzyme inducer/inhibitor

A

inhibitor- decreased drug metabolism and increases potential for toxicity

inducer- increases metabolism of drugs and reduce therapeutic concentration

23
Q

Routes for excretion

A

Main: kidneys, urine
Others: feces, expiration, sweat, breast milk

24
Q

Excretion is dependent on

A
  1. Rate of metabolism of drug
  2. Rate of production of urine
  3. PH of urine
25
Q

Half life means, things that can effect half life

A

Time it takes for drug to reach half concentration

  1. renal impairment
  2. age
  3. pregnancy
26
Q

Populations with reduced excretion

A

Renal impairment
Age >50

27
Q

Population with increased excretion and why

A

Pregnant women have increased clearance, increased dose required

metabolism enzyme inducing occurs
larger drug distribution
increased renal clearance

28
Q

Types of drug actions

A
  1. Stimulation
  2. Depression
  3. Irritation
  4. Replacement
  5. Cytotoxic action
29
Q

difference between an acid and base

A

an acid has a proton to give, a base can accept a proton

pKa is pH where the drug is 50% unionised /ionised

administrating the drug in a similar environment will not ionise it

30
Q

factors that affect absorption from the GI tract

A
  1. pH of GI contents
  2. surface area
  3. contact time
  4. blood flow
  5. plasma protein binding
  6. active transport mechanism
  7. formulation
31
Q

what is first pass metabolism

A

reduced bioavailability of oral drugs after being metabolised by the liver and drug concentration is reduced.

32
Q

enterohepatic shunting

A

drug is excreted by liver into bile then into small intestines and reabsorbed by heaptic portal circulation to liver into circulation

33
Q

define bioavailability

A

rate and extent of absorption of drugs reaching the blood by any route

34
Q

drug distribution means

A

moves from blood to other tissue that have no drug (high to low concentration)

35
Q

agonist

A

binds to receptor and causes same action

36
Q

antagonist

A

binds to and blocks receptor preventing a response

37
Q

partial agonist

A

binds to and activates a lower response than a full agonist

38
Q

non competitive antagonist

A

binds to different area to rececptor and blocks response

39
Q

efficacy means

A

ability of drug and receptor to produce resposne

40
Q

ED 50

A

dose that produces a specific effect in 50% of population administered

41
Q

EC 50

A

half maximimal effective concentration

42
Q
A

Pharmaco For Pod (10 decks)

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