Wk 1 - Quiz + Case Study: Patient with Stomach Upset Flashcards
T or F: Simple antacids such as Rennies and Gaviscon are composed of magnesium trisilicate and/or aluminium hydroxide.
True
T or F: Alginate-containing antacids form a gel or ‘foam raft’ in the stomach.
True
T or F: Simple antacids work by neutralising stomach acid
True
In addition to GORD, can you name any other oesophageal disorders in which regurgitation can occur?
- Achalasia
- Oesophageal pouch
- Benign oesophageal strictures
- Rumination syndrome
T or F: Helicobacter pylori produces urease and a sheath.
True
T or F: Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-positive spirillum.
False (it is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium)
T or F: 95% of patients with duodenal ulcers are infected with Helicobacter pylori.
True
T or F: Animals can harbour their own species of Helicobacter that can be transmitted to humans.
True (e.g. H.Heilmannii in cats, dogs, pigs and cattle)
T or F: 30% of the world’s population carry Helicobacter pylori.
False (50-60% people world-wide carry Helicobacter pylori; up to 90% in developing countries)
What are the risk factors for hiatus hernia? List 6.
- Aged over 50
- Being overweight
- Being pregnant
- Smokers/cough that increase intra-abdominal pressure
- Weakening of the diaphragm muscle with age
- Present at birth due to developmental abnormality
What is the difference between a rolling hiatal hernia and a sliding hiatal hernia?
- In sliding HH, which is the most common type, the sphincter that forms a valve between the oesophagus and stomach slides up through the diaphragm.
- In rolling para-oesophageal HH, part of the stomach bulges up through the hole in the diaphragm alongside the oesophagus.
Which is more common sliding HH or rolling (para-oesophageal) HH?
Sliding hernia is more common
What are the two main forms of oesophageal cancer?
- Adenocarcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma occurs in the ________ of the oesophagus.
Squamous cell carcinoma occurs in the middle third of the oesophagus.
Adenocarcinoma occurs in the _____ of the ____ and at the ____.
Adenocarcinoma occurs in the lower third of the oesophagus and at the cardia.