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foundations of OT practice > wk 1/2 > Flashcards

wk 1/2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is an assumption?

A

ideas or principles that are taken for granted

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2
Q

what are beliefs?

A

convictions about what is true?

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3
Q

what is philosophy?

A

a conscious framework of assumptions and beliefs that guides actions

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4
Q

what are the three questions of philiosophy?

A
  1. what is most real for OT?
  2. what is knowledge in OT?
  3. what is the right action in OT?
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5
Q

what is ontology?

A

what is most real?

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6
Q

what is epistemology?

A

what is knowledge?

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7
Q

what is axiology?

A

what is the right action?

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8
Q

what does ontology study?

A

study of being, what are the most real dimensions of life

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9
Q

what doe epistemology study?

A

theory of knowledge

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10
Q

what does. axiology study?

A

study of values including what is good, beautiful and morally desirable

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11
Q

what is the desired future?

A

the optimal participation of individuals in health-promoting occupations

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12
Q

what does collaborative, relationship-centred practice constitute?

A

a methodology that manifests OT values and beliefs about reality and knowledge

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13
Q

what is a core methodology for occupation-centred practice?

A

help clients participate in meaningful, satisfying and health-promoting occupations

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14
Q

what are some core values in OT’s axiology that must be respected?

A
  • essential dignity for all
  • perspectives and experiences of clients
  • empathy, genuine engagement
  • imagination and integrity
  • potential to experience wellbeing
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15
Q

what are some core concepts in OT?

A
  • focus on enabling adaption
  • systems approach
  • support practice with research
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16
Q

what are some occupational problems and challenges?

A
  • reduced quality of life
  • restriction of development
  • occupation disrupt or deprivation
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17
Q

what are some values in OT?

A
  • occupation is necessary for health
  • respect its value
  • active engagement and empowerment of clients
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18
Q

what is a paradigm?

A

how members of any discipline share common vision; collection of perspectives, ideas and values

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19
Q

what time in history was the formative stages?

A

ancient times- 1900s

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20
Q

what happened during the age of enlightenment?

A

questioned old views of the world

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21
Q

what happened during the industrial revolution?

A

technological advances, migration and industrialisation created social challenges and development

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22
Q

what happened during the progressive era?

A

widespread social activism and political reform, brought sharing of ideas and science

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23
Q

when did the rise in moral treatment happen?

A

late 18th century Europe

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24
Q

what. were two prominent people and places to incorporate moral treatment in the late 18th century?

A
  • York retreat, William and Henry Tuke (England)

- Bicentre Asylum and Hospital,Dr Philipe Pinel (paris)

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25
Q

when did the decline in moral treatment occur?

A

second half of19th century

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26
Q

what caused paradigm shift in declined moral treatment?

A

advances in scientific and medical knowledge, and growth of neurology

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27
Q

who started the arts and crafts movement in England?

A

John Ruskin and William Morris

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28
Q

what was the arts and crafts movement a reaction to?

A

problems caused by industrial revolution

29
Q

what did the arts and crafts movement embrace?

A

that making handmade goods integrated the body and mind providing intrinsic satisfaction

30
Q

what was William James known for?

A

philosophy of habit

31
Q

what was James Dewey known for?

A

learning should not be on a specific trade or skill, but rather developing problem solving skills (learning by doing)

32
Q

what was the interest of Adolf Meyer?

A

connection of mind and body and importance of cultivating health pattern of life

33
Q

what was the interest of George Edward Barton?

A

enviro, work simplification,

activity analysis

34
Q

what was the interest of William Rush Dunton Jr?

A

moral treatment

35
Q

what was the interest of Eleanor Clarke Slagle?

A

habit training

36
Q

what was the interest of Thomas Bessell Kidner?

A

vocational rehab, manual training

37
Q

what was the interest of Susan Cox Johnson?

A

arts and crafts knowledge

38
Q

what was the interest of Susan E Tracy?

A

moral treatment, arts and crafts

39
Q

what was the interest of Herbert James Hall?

A

work cure

40
Q

when was the National Society for the Promotion of OT founded and who by?

A

Barton and Dunton in 1917

41
Q

what was the emphasis of forming NSPOT?

A

emphasise therapeutic focus to distinguish from craft societies

42
Q

what did the US gov provide for returned soldiers during world war I?

A

reconstruction services

43
Q

when were minimum standards for OT courses established and adopted by the AOTA?

A

1923

44
Q

when did NSPOT change to the American OT association?

A

1921

45
Q

what happened between the 1940s-60s?

A

OT shifted from a paradigm of occupation to reductionism

46
Q

what was the first crisis of OT between 1940-60s?

A

came under pressure from medicine to establish theoretical rationale and evidence for practice

47
Q

what occurred from 1970s-80s?

A

return to roots of occupation, rejecting reductionism and returning to principles of moral treatment

48
Q

what was the second crisis of OT and when did this occur?

A

growing realisation that OT was lacking science unique to OT, 1970s-80s

49
Q

what are six of Dunton’s Principles of OT from 1918?

A
  • patient should be carefully studied
  • work must be interesting
  • should lead to increase in knowledge
  • cure should be main concern
  • not to point of fatigue
  • work should be carried out with others
50
Q

what was the PEO model developed in response to?

A

lack of OT literature describing theoretical and clinical application of PEO interaction

51
Q

what does the PEO model framework guide?

A

clinical reasoning, does not prescribe specific intervention methods. or assessment

52
Q

what type of approach to the person and enviro does the PEO model adopt?

A

transactive

53
Q

what are some similarities between the PEO and PEOP models?

A
  • consider OP as main outcome
  • OP is determined by person, enviro and occupation
  • primary intent to emphasise role of enviro
54
Q

what is the product of the three components of the PEO model?

A

occupational performance

55
Q

what are three assumptions of the PEO model?

A
  • person is dynamic
  • enviro changes and so does behaviour
  • enviro can have enabling and constraining effects
56
Q

how is the person viewed in the PEO model?

A

as a unique and holistic, and includes the mind, body and spirit

57
Q

what are variables associated with the person?

A
  • interests
  • values
  • beliefs
  • skills
  • habits
  • roles
  • abilities
  • life experiences
58
Q

what are some of the attributes and life experiences a person brings?

A
  • self-concept
  • personality
  • cultural background
  • personal competencies
59
Q

what types of skills and abilities a person can have?

A
  • cognitive
  • social
  • emotional
  • psychological
  • sensorimotor skills
60
Q

what are types of enviros in the PEO model?

A
  • cultural
  • social
  • psychological
  • organisational
  • physical
  • political
  • economic
  • institutional components
61
Q

what is the cultural enviro based on?

A

shared experiences that determine values, beliefs and customs

62
Q

what does the cultural enviro include?

A
  • ethnicity
  • religion
  • national identity
63
Q

what is the temporal enviro made up of?

A

time-orientated factors associated with the person and the task

64
Q

what does the institutional/organisational enviro include?

A

societal institutions such as:

  • policies
  • decision-making processes
  • accessibility
  • legal
65
Q

what are the three areas of occupation?

A
  • self-care
  • productivity
  • leisure
66
Q

what is PEO Fit?

A

when person, enviro and occupation fit together, OP is optimised

67
Q

what is PEO Misfit?

A

when factors don’t fit

68
Q

what does PEO Misfit craete?

A

barriers to effective OP

69
Q

if the overlap of the PEO model venn diagram are closer is there more fit or misfit?

A

more fit

foundations of OT practice (4 decks)

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