Wk 1

Question 1

What do mechanoreceptors respond to?

Answer 1

Physical force, pressure, stretch of muscle

Question 2

What do photoreceptors respond to?

Answer 2

Light

Question 3

What do thermoreceptors respond to?

Answer 3

Internal and external temperature change

Question 4

What do chemoreceptors respond to?

Answer 4

Dissolved chemicals which occur during taste and smell + changes in internal body chemistry (e.g variations in O2, CO2 or H+. Tells body to breathe harder during PA)

Question 5

What do Nociceptors respond to?

Answer 5

Tissue damage

Question 6

What is Integration

Answer 6

Information received from sensory receptors, and the CNS processes the information to then send out a response

Question 7

What glands can secrete hormones?

Answer 7

Pancreas - blood sugar
Adrenal - salt and water balance
Pineal - sleep wake cycle

Question 8

What is the process of homeostasis

Answer 8

Receptors -> Integration Centre -> Hypothalamus -> The body then takes appropriate action to maintain homeostasis

E.g cold outside -> receptors send signal to integration centre -> signal sent to the control centre (hypothalamus) -> body starts shivering, put warmer clothes on, vasoconstriction etc.

Question 9

What are the two divisions of the PNS

Answer 9

Motor division
Sensory division

Question 10

What does the motor division of the PNS do

Answer 10

Transmit action potentials from the CNS to organs, limbs and skin

Question 11

What does the sensory division of the PNS do

Answer 11

Transmits action potentials from the sensory receptors to the CNS

Question 12

What are the 2 systems within the PNS

Answer 12

Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

Question 13

How many afferent (PNS->CNS) cranial nerves are there?

Answer 13

12

Question 14

How many efferent (CNS->PNS) cranial nerves are there?

Answer 14

31

Question 15

How many pairs of cervical nerves are there

Answer 15

8

Question 16

How many pairs of thoracic nerves are there

Answer 16

12

Question 17

How many pairs of lumbar nerves are there

Answer 17

5

Question 18

How many pairs of sacral nerves are there

Answer 18

5

Question 19

How many pairs of coccygeal nerves are there

Answer 19

1

Question 20

Where is the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system located

Answer 20

Within the autonomic nervous system (in the PNS)

Question 21

What system is known as fight or flight?

Answer 21

Sympathetic

Question 22

What are the role of dendrites

Answer 22

receive input from another nerve cell

Question 23

Where is a synapse present

Answer 23

At the end of an axon, connecting to another dendrite

Question 24

What is also know as the nucleus of the neuron

Answer 24

Soma

Question 25

What is the role of the Soma

Answer 25

Protein synthesis

Question 26

What is the axon helix and where is it located

Answer 26

Contains voltage gated channels and is where action potentials originate Within the Soma

Question 27

Are unipolar neurons found in humans

Answer 27

No

Question 28

What are the primary sensory neuron's of the PNS

Answer 28

Bipolar and pseudounipolar

Question 29

Where are multipolar neurons most commonly found

Answer 29

Nervous system

Question 30

What are the gaps in the myelin sheath that speed up action potentials called

Answer 30

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 31

What is myelin made of

Answer 31

Oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS

Question 32

What is it called when action potentials speed up through the nodes of ranvier?

Answer 32

Saltatory Conduction

Question 33

What colour are unmyelinated axons

Answer 33

grey

Question 34

What do glial cells do

Answer 34

Regulate nerve firing rates, plasticity, and immune response

Question 35

What glial cells are found in the CNS

Answer 35

Astrocytes Ependymal cells Oligodendrocytes Microglia

Question 36

What glial cells are found in the PNS

Answer 36

Satellite cells Schwann cells