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Brain and Behaviour > Wk 1 > Flashcards

Wk 1 Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

What do mechanoreceptors respond to?

A

Physical force, pressure, stretch of muscle

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2
Q

What do photoreceptors respond to?

A

Light

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3
Q

What do thermoreceptors respond to?

A

Internal and external temperature change

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4
Q

What do chemoreceptors respond to?

A

Dissolved chemicals which occur during taste and smell + changes in internal body chemistry (e.g variations in O2, CO2 or H+. Tells body to breathe harder during PA)

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5
Q

What do Nociceptors respond to?

A

Tissue damage

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6
Q

What is Integration

A

Information received from sensory receptors, and the CNS processes the information to then send out a response

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7
Q

What glands can secrete hormones?

A

Pancreas - blood sugar
Adrenal - salt and water balance
Pineal - sleep wake cycle

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8
Q

What is the process of homeostasis

A

Receptors -> Integration Centre -> Hypothalamus -> The body then takes appropriate action to maintain homeostasis

E.g cold outside -> receptors send signal to integration centre -> signal sent to the control centre (hypothalamus) -> body starts shivering, put warmer clothes on, vasoconstriction etc.

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9
Q

What are the two divisions of the PNS

A

Motor division
Sensory division

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10
Q

What does the motor division of the PNS do

A

Transmit action potentials from the CNS to organs, limbs and skin

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11
Q

What does the sensory division of the PNS do

A

Transmits action potentials from the sensory receptors to the CNS

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12
Q

What are the 2 systems within the PNS

A

Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

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13
Q

How many afferent (PNS->CNS) cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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14
Q

How many efferent (CNS->PNS) cranial nerves are there?

A

31

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15
Q

How many pairs of cervical nerves are there

A

8

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16
Q

How many pairs of thoracic nerves are there

A

12

17
Q

How many pairs of lumbar nerves are there

A

5

18
Q

How many pairs of sacral nerves are there

A

5

19
Q

How many pairs of coccygeal nerves are there

A

1

20
Q

Where is the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system located

A

Within the autonomic nervous system (in the PNS)

21
Q

What system is known as fight or flight?

A

Sympathetic

22
Q

What are the role of dendrites

A

receive input from another nerve cell

23
Q

Where is a synapse present

A

At the end of an axon, connecting to another dendrite

24
Q

What is also know as the nucleus of the neuron

A

Soma

25
Q

What is the role of the Soma

A

Protein synthesis

26
Q

What is the axon helix and where is it located

A

Contains voltage gated channels and is where action potentials originate

Within the Soma

27
Q

Are unipolar neurons found in humans

A

No

28
Q

What are the primary sensory neuron’s of the PNS

A

Bipolar and pseudounipolar

29
Q

Where are multipolar neurons most commonly found

A

Nervous system

30
Q

What are the gaps in the myelin sheath that speed up action potentials called

A

Nodes of Ranvier

31
Q

What is myelin made of

A

Oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS

32
Q

What is it called when action potentials speed up through the nodes of ranvier?

A

Saltatory Conduction

33
Q

What colour are unmyelinated axons

A

grey

34
Q

What do glial cells do

A

Regulate nerve firing rates, plasticity, and immune response

35
Q

What glial cells are found in the CNS

A

Astrocytes
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia

36
Q

What glial cells are found in the PNS

A

Satellite cells
Schwann cells

37
Q
A

Brain and Behaviour (4 decks)

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