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CC LEC > WK 1 > Flashcards

WK 1 Flashcards

1
Q

quantitative lab result consists of

A

Actual test value
Unit

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2
Q

Systeme International d’Unites (SI)
was adapted in

A

1960

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3
Q

subclasses of si

A
  1. basic unit
  2. derived unit
  3. selected accepted si ntiq
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4
Q

Some non-SI units are so widely used that they
have become acceptable for use within the SI
system. These include units

A

hour, minute, day,
gram, liter, and plane angles expressed as
degrees.

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5
Q

describe si unit prefix

A

Uses standard prefixes for those of the same unit
or to indicate decimal fraction

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6
Q

Prefixes smaller than basic unit have a

A

negative
exponent and vice versa

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7
Q

Reporting of laboratory results is often expressed
in terms of

A

substance concentration (e.g., moles)
or the mass of a substance (e.g., mg/dL, g/dL, g/L,
mmol/L, and IU) rather than in SI units

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8
Q

he laboratory and the rest of medicine are moving
toward adopting universal standards promoted by
the

A

International Organization for
Standardization

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9
Q

Develops standards of practice, definitions, and
guidelines that can be adopted by everyone in a
given field, providing for more uniform
terminology.

A

iso

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10
Q

Most instrument manufacturers make the
reagents in

A

ready-to-use form or “kit” in which all
necessary reagents and respective storage
containers are prepackaged as a unit, requiring
only the addition of water or buffer for
reconstitution

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11
Q

reagent preparation use

A

i it is used in research and development,
biotechnology applications, specialized analyses,
or method validation.

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12
Q

grades of purity

A
  1. reagent grade or analytic grade
  2. ultrapure, chemicaly pure
  3. united states pharmacopeia
  4. national formulary
  5. tecnical or commercial grade
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13
Q

chemical that are suitable for use in
most analytic
laboratory procedures

A

reagent grade/analyic reagent

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14
Q

chemical that have additional
purification steps for
use in specific
procedures such as
chromatography,
immunoassays,
molecular diagnostics,
standardization, or
other techniques

A

ultrapure, chemically
pure (CP

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15
Q

Used in manufacturing
drugs

A

United States
Pharmacopeia
(USP) and National Formulary
(NF)

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16
Q

used primarily in
manufacturing and
should never be used
in the clinical
laboratory

A

technical or
commercial grade

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17
Q

These reagents may have
designations of HPLC
(high-performance liquid
chromatography) or
chromatographic on their labels.

A

ultrapure, chemically pure (CP)

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18
Q

impurity limitations are not stated,
and the preparation of these
chemicals is not uniform.

A

ultrapure, chemically pure (CP)

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19
Q

. It is not
recommended that clinical
laboratories use these chemicals
for reagent preparation unless
further purification or a reagent
blank is included.

A

ultrapure, chemically pure (CP)

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20
Q

limitations established for this
group of chemicals are based
only on the criterion of not being
injurious to individuals

A

United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and National Formulary (NF)

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21
Q

chemical that should never be used in the
clinical laboratory.

A

technical or commercial grade

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22
Q

established specifications for AR grade
chemicals, and chemical manufacturers must
either meet or exceed these requirements

A

American Chemical Society
(ACS)

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23
Q

organic reagent

A

the labels on reagents should clearly state the
actual impurities for each chemical lot or list the
maximum allowable impurities. The label should
also include one of the following designations: AR
or ACS or For laboratory use or ACS Standard-Grade Reference Materials.

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24
Q

grades of organic reagent

A

These grades include;
1. A practical grade
2. CP,
3. reagent grade (ACS), w

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25
Q

require
manufacturers to indicate any physical or
biological health hazards and precautions needed
for the safe use, storage, and disposal of any
chemical.

A

laws related to the Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA),

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26
Q

osha menas

A

Occupational Safety and
Health Administration (OSHA),

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27
Q

organic reagent with some impurities

A

practical grade

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28
Q

approaches the purity level of
reagent-grade chemicals; spectroscopic
(spectrally pure) and chromatographic
grade organic reagents; and

A

cp

29
Q

reagent which is certified to
contain impurities below established ACS
levels.

A

reagent grade (ACS)

30
Q

Manufacturers are required to provide a _______ . IT must be
readily available to ensure the safety of
laboratorians.

A

Manufacturers are required to provide a Safety
Data Sheet (SDS). A copy of the SDS must be
readily available to ensure the safety of
laboratorians.

31
Q

involved in the analysis of
biochemical byproducts found in biological fluids,
such as serum, plasma, or urine.

A

CLINCHEM

32
Q

highly purified chemical that can be measured
directly to have an exact known concentration and
purity.

A

PRIMARY STANDARD

33
Q

has certified standard reference materials
(SRMs) that are used in place of ACS primary
standard materials due to tolerance limitations of
some biologic constituents.

A

the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST)

34
Q

SRM means

A

standard reference material

35
Q

nist meand

A

national institute of standards and technology

36
Q

The chemical composition of these substances is
certified; however, they may not have the purity of
a primary standard.

A

srm reagent

37
Q

it can be used in place of an ACS primary
standard in clinical work and is often used to verify
calibration or accuracy/bias assessments

A

srm

38
Q

Many manufacturers use a ____________when producing calibrators and
standard materials.

A

NIST “traceable to
NIST” SRM

39
Q

used for linearity studies to determine the
relationship between the standard’s concentration
and the instrument result. This test is required
when a new test or new test methodology is
introduced

A

srm

40
Q

is a process that pairs an analytical signal with a
concentration value of an analyte.
-

A

calibration

41
Q

calibration of an instrument can be made by

A

Using a kit or by diluting a
known stock solution.

42
Q
  • Most used reagent in the laboratory
A

water

43
Q

Water purification methods include:

A

distillation,
ion exchange, reverse osmosis,ultrafioltration, UV
light, sterilization and ozone treatment

44
Q

Most procedures, along with reagent and control
preparation requires substantially purified water
known as

A

reagent-grade water.

45
Q

According to _______ reagent-grade water based
on its use rather than the method od purification or
preparation.

A

CLSI or Clinical and laboratory
standards institute,

46
Q
  • Categories of reagent-grade water:
A
  1. Clinical laboratory reagent water (CLRW),
  2. special reagent water (SRW),
  3. instrument feed water,
  4. water supplied by method manufacturer,
  5. autoclave and wash water, and
  6. commercially bottled purified water
47
Q

s requires
laboratories to define the specific type of water
required for each of its testing procedures and
requires water quality testing atleast annually

A

college of american pathologists

48
Q

Water quality testing routinely includes

A

monitoring
microbial colony-forming units/ml and may include
other parameters

49
Q

Purified to remove almost all organic materials
using a technique where water is
boiled and vaporised

A

distilled water

50
Q

Excellent in removing particulate matter,
microorganisms and any pyrogens or endotoxins
(like ultrafiltration and nanofiltration

A

distilled water

51
Q

Produced using either an anion- or
cation-exchange resin, followed by replacement of
the removed ions with hydroxyl or hydrogen ions

A

Deionized water

52
Q

Purified from previously treated water such as
prefiltered or distilled water

A

deionized water

53
Q

excellent at removing dissolved
ionized solids and dissolved gases.

A

deionized water

54
Q

uses pressure to force water through a
semipermeable membrane, producing a filtered
product.

A

reverse osmosis

55
Q

may be used for the pretreatment of water,
however, it does not remove dissolved gases.

A

reverse osmosis

56
Q

remove particulate matter from municipal water
supplies before any additional treatments

A

filtration waer

57
Q

Filtration cartridges can be composed of

A

glass,
cotton, or activated charcoal, which removes
organic materials and chlorine.

58
Q

Some have submicron filters (≤0.2 μm), which
remove any substances larger than the filter’s
pores, including bacteria

A

filtration
- The submicron filter may be better suited
after distillation, deionization, or reverse osmosis
treatment.
- The submicron filter may be better suited
after distillation, deionization, or reverse osmosis
treatment.

59
Q

removes some trace organic material or
sterilization processes at specific wavelengths,
can destroy bacteria when used as part of a
system but may leave behind some residual
products.

A

Ultraviolet oxidation

60
Q

This technique is often followed by other
purification processes

A

Ultraviolet oxidation

61
Q

s acceptable for
glassware washing but not for analysis or reagent
preparation.

A

Autoclave wash water

62
Q

used for specific techniques like the
HPLC, molecular diagnostics, or mass
spectrophotometry, which may require specific
parameters for the analysis.
●

A

srw/special reagent water

63
Q

All SRW should meet

A

CLRW standards and,
depending on the applicationshould be stored in a manner that reduces
any chemical or bacterial contamination and for
short periods,

64
Q

Testing procedures to determine the quality of
reagent-grade water include

A

measurements of
resistance, pH, colony counts on selective and
nonselective media for the detection of bacterial
contamination, chlorine, ammonia, nitrate or
nitrite, iron, hardness, phosphate, sodium, silica,
carbon dioxide, chemical oxygen demand, and
metal detection.

65
Q

Some accreditation agencies recommend that
laboratories

A

document culture growth, pH, and
specific resistance on water used in reagent
preparation

66
Q

measured because pure water,
devoid of ions, is a poor conductor of electricity
and has increased resistance

A

resistance

67
Q

The relationship of water purity to resistance is

A

linear; generally, as purity increases, so does
resistance

68
Q
A

CC LEC (3 decks)

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