Wireless Fundamentals

Question 1

Autonomous Architecture:

Answer 1

In an autonomous architecture, each Cisco AP operates independently and is responsible for its own management and configuration.

Configuration and management are done on a per-AP basis, which can be time-consuming in large-scale deployments.

This architecture is suitable for small to medium-sized networks where centralized control is not necessary.

Question 2

Centralized Architecture (Controller-Based):

Answer 2

In a centralized architecture, Cisco APs are controlled and managed by a central device called a Wireless LAN Controller (WLC).

The WLC provides a single point of management, making it easier to configure and monitor multiple APs simultaneously.

This architecture is ideal for large-scale deployments where centralized control, security, and scalability are essential.

Question 3

Cloud-Based Architecture:

Answer 3

Cisco also offers cloud-based wireless architectures, where management and control of APs are hosted in the cloud.

Cloud-based solutions provide scalability, flexibility, and remote management capabilities.

Cisco’s cloud-based solution is often referred to as “Cisco Meraki.”

Question 4

AP Modes:

Answer 4

Local Mode
Lightweight Mode (CAPWAP)
FlexConnect
Monitor Mode
Sniffer Mode

Question 5

Local Mode

Answer 5

In local mode, Cisco APs operate as standalone devices.

Each AP is responsible for its own configuration and management.

This mode is typically used in smaller deployments or scenarios where centralized control is not needed.

Question 6

Lightweight Mode (CAPWAP)

Answer 6

In lightweight mode, Cisco APs operate in conjunction with a Wireless LAN Controller (WLC).

The WLC provides centralized control, configuration, and management for all connected APs.

Lightweight APs use the Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) protocol to communicate with the WLC.

Question 7

FlexConnect (H-REAP Hybrid Remote Endpoint Access Point)

Answer 7

FlexConnect mode is a hybrid approach that combines some of the benefits of both local and lightweight modes.

FlexConnect APs can operate with local switching and local authentication but still connect to a WLC for centralized management and control.

Question 8

Monitor Mode

Answer 8

Monitor mode is used for scanning and monitoring the RF environment.

APs in this mode do not serve client devices but are dedicated to capturing and analyzing wireless traffic.

Question 9

Sniffer Mode

Answer 9

Sniffer mode is similar to monitor mode but is used for packet capture and analysis.

APs in this mode capture and forward packets to an external analysis tool for detailed examination.