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Wines of the World Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four kinds of Bordeaux wines and what grapes are they primarily based on?

A

Left Bank: Cab Sav
Right Bank: Merlot
Dry Whites: Sav Blanc
Sweet Whites (e.g. Sauternes): Semillon

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2
Q

Five regions of the Loire, the grapes they mostly use, and the wines they primarily produce

A

Pays Nantais - Melon de Burgogne
Anjou - Chenin Blanc, Cab Franc, roses, sweet desert from Bonnezeaux, Quarts du Chaume, Layon
Saumur - sparkling: Chenin Blanc, Cab Franc, cremant de Loire
Tourraine - Vouvray from Ch. Blanc; Chinon / Bourgeils / St Nick Bourgeils from Cab Franc; Tourraine uses Sav Blanc
Upper Loire - Sav Blanc

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3
Q

Champagne varieties

A

Chard, Pinot Noir, Meunier

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4
Q

Alsace wines

A

Single variety dry whites from the four noble grapes: Ries, Gewurtz, Pinot G, Muscat
Only Pinot Noir allowed of reds
Pinot Blanc also
Edelzvicker = blend
Vendange Tardive = late harvest
Selection de Grains Nobles - botrytis
Klevener de Heiligenstein = Klevener (Savagnin Rose restricted to village of Heiligenstein)
Cremant d Alsace - only Chardonnay allowed
51 grand crus most in Haut Rihn

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5
Q

Burgundy wines

A

Pinot Noir (40%), mostly grown in Cotes de Nuits which has 24 grand crus, and Chardonnay, mostly grown in Cote de Beaunne, which has 8 grand crus.
90% dry and still
Limestone soils
Aligote also a major grape

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6
Q

Chablis

A

Only Chardonnay permitted

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7
Q

Beaujolais

A

Gamay, granitic, carbonic maceration
Beaujolais Villages (38) - higher standards
10 crus
Beaujolais Nouveau - Third Thursday of Nov

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8
Q

Northern Rhone

A

Mostly red (Syrah) and whites are Viognier (Condrieu and Grillet 100%) and Rousanne and Marsanne

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9
Q

Southern Rhone

A

Grenache, Syrah, Mouvdre, Carignan, Cinsault
Whites: Grenache Blanc, Clairette
Muscat de Beaumes Venise, Rasteau = sweet vin doux naturel
Tavel - rose only

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10
Q

Describe the wines of South France

A

Typical French Grapes: GSM, Carignan, Merlot, Chard, Sav Blanc
Languedoc Rousillon: GSM, Cins, Carig
Banyuls, Maury = Sweet vin doux nauturels from Grenache
Cremant de Limoux - Ancestral method from Chard

Provence - Bandol is famous; rose is 88% from GSM and others

Corsica - Nieluccio grape (same as San Giovese); muscat; Vermentino (from Rolle and Malvoisie de Corse)
Isle of Beauty IGP; Vin de Corse AOC, Cap Corse (from the mountains) based on Muscat

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11
Q

Veneto

A 
Mostly whites: pinot grigio, prosecco (85% glera) and soave (70% Garganega)
Reds: Valpolicella (from Corvina) and Bardolino
Dried appasimento (e.g. Amarone), recioto, and ripasso
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12
Q

Trentino Alto Adige

A

Wide variety of intl

Trentodoc is sparkling wine

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13
Q

Friuli Venezia Giulia

A

Intl vars
Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit (sweet); Collio; Collio Bianco; orange wines from Ribolla Gialla oxidized; Ramandolo (sweet from Verduzzo) and Rosazzo (dry 50% Friulano)

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14
Q

Germany’s most popular grapes

A

Whites dominate: Riesling, Muller Thurgau (Riesling x Madeline Cross), Silvaner, Weissburgunder, Grauburgunder, Gewurztraminer
1/3 Reds: Spatburgunder (3rd most widely planted), Dornfelder, Blauer Portugieser

Sekt (tank method) and Schaumwein (carbonation)

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15
Q

Mosel

A

Blue slate soils

Riesling, with 6 Bereiche including Saar and Ruwertal)

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16
Q

Rheingau

A

Riesling, Spat

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17
Q

Nahe

A

Riesling

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18
Q

Rheinhessen

A

Ries, MT, Dorn

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19
Q

Pfalz

A

(aka Palatinate)

Ries

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20
Q

Franken

A

MT, Silvaner
Cold
Use Bockbeutel

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21
Q

Ahr

A

Red esp Spat Burgunder

Steep slopes, greywacke, blue slate

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22
Q

Baden

A

Spat

Warmest part of German wine regions is Kaiserstuhl

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23
Q

Most common Austrian grapes and famous wines

A

White (66%)
Signature grape is Gruner Veltliner
other whites include Welschriesling, MT, Weissb, Ries, Chard
Reds include Zweigelt (Blaufrankisch x St Laurent), Blaufrankisch (aka Lemberger or Kekfrankos), St Laurent

Strohwein = grapes dried on stroh or schilf mats or hung on strings
Bergwein = mountain wine from slopes with 26 deg gradient
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24
Q

Wienviertel

A

100% Gruner Veltliner

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25
Q

Wachau

A

Rieden estates

GV or Ries

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26
Q

Wagram

A

Pink skinned Roter Veltliner

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27
Q

Mittleburgen and Eisenberg

A

Blaufrankisch

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28
Q

Neusiedlersee

A

Zweigelt

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29
Q

Rosalia

A

Red or rose

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30
Q

Ruster Ausbruch

A

30 degree KMW botrytis affected

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31
Q

Steiermark

A

Warmer region with staggering slopes

Chard and Sav Blanc

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32
Q

Weststeiermark

A

Schlicher (Blauer Wildbacher) Rose is 85% of all plantings

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33
Q

Wien

A

Gemischter Satz = a vineyard blend

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34
Q

Famous grapes and varieties from Hungary

A 
70% whites
Tokaji Aszu from botrytis Furmint blended with Harslevelu
Egri Bikaver (Bull's Blood of Egri) a red from Kadarka, Kekfrank., and others
Eszencia - ultra sweet botrytis
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35
Q

Croatia

A

Whites are 2/3: Grasevina (Welschriesling), and Malvasia and Bogandusa
Red: Crljenak Kastelanski (Zin), Frankovka (aka Blaufrank.)

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36
Q

Switzerland

A

50/50 red and white
Pinot, Gamay, Merlot
Chasselas (Fendant)

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37
Q

Romania

A

W: Feteasca Alba / Regala

Pinot Noir, Feteasca Negra

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38
Q

Bulgaria

A 
50/50 r and w
Intl vars
R: Mavrud, Rubin (Nebbilolo x Syrah), Gamza (Kadarka)
W: Rkatsiteli, Dimiat, 
Misket Chevren (pink skinned)
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39
Q

Slovenia

A

Regions: Podravje, Primorska, Posavje

Intl vars

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40
Q

Georgia

A

Rkatsiteli (w) and Saperavi (r)

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41
Q

Crimea

A

Novyset winery made Brut Paradiso that won 1900 world’s fair vs Champagne
Etalita = fortified wine

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42
Q

Two flagship varieties of Argentina

A

Malbec and Torrontes

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43
Q

What three grapes were grown in Argentina historically?

A

Criolla Grande, Criolla Chica, and Cereza (mission grapes)

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44
Q

Which region in Argentina grows a lot of mission grapes

A

Catamarca

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45
Q

Which regions of Argentina major in reds?

A

La Rioja, Mendoza, Neuquen, La Pampa, Rio Negro, Chubut

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46
Q

Which regions in Argentina feature Malbec as a leading grape?

A

Mendoza, La Pampa, Neuqen, Rio Negro

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47
Q

What kind of wine does Chubut specialize in?

A

60% red, Pinot Noir leads

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48
Q

What wines does Buenos Aires specialize in?

A

Chard and Sauv Blanc

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49
Q

What regions have Torrontes as a leading grape?

A

Salta, Catamarca, La Rioja

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50
Q

Most planted in Chile

A

Cab Sav

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51
Q

Besides Cab Sav, what does Chile grow?

A

Mostly reds overall (incl Cab Sav), with Syrah. Also Chardonnay, and Sauvignon Blanc (replacing Sauvignon Vert)

52
Q

Important regions of Coquimbo and what they grow

A

Elqui: table grapes, and typical intl varieties, but increasingly Syrah important
Limari: Chardonnay, due to cooling ocean breezes and Humboldt current

53
Q

Important regions of Aconcagua and what they grow

A

Valley: warmest, coast grows whites, interior grows reds
Casablanca: whites
SanAntonio: pinot
Leyda has granitic soils

54
Q

What is the center of Chilean winemaking and what do they grow

A

Maipo Valley, around Santiago, with old vines and specializing in Cab Sav

55
Q

Rapel valley

A

Cachapoal, colchagua, focused on reds

56
Q

Curico

A

planted in 1800s but renewed interest now; reds and whites

57
Q

Maule

A

Mild dry climate good for organic
Cab Sav
Old Vine Carignan, promoted by VIGNO (Vignadores de Carignan)
Pipeno (old mission grape Pais)

58
Q

Del Sur

A

Rainier and cooler, traditionally focused on pais and moscatel

59
Q

Itata vs Bio Bio

A

Itata - reds

Bio Bio - whites

60
Q

Austral

A

Rainy and marginal

61
Q

Main grape of Uruguay and grape seeing new success. What is the main area?

A

Tannay (called Harriague) and Albarino.

Main area is Canelones

62
Q

Main wine growing area of Brazil and its focus

A

Serra Gaucha, focused on red, but sparkling increasing in repute.
4/6 vineyard areas are in state of Rio Grande do Sul
Vale dos Vinhedos flagship are merlot and chard`

63
Q

Wines / varieties of South Africa

A

Chenin Blanc (Steen), most widely planted
Muscat de Frontignan (Petits Grains) produces Noble Late Harvest botrytis affected wines
Chard, Sav Blanc, Muscat of Alexandria (Hanepoot)
Cab Sav is leading red followed by Shiraz
Pinotage (Pinot Noir x Cinsault) developed at Stellenbosch University, which makes up Cape Blend (at 30% to 70%)
95% of plantings in Western Cape

64
Q

Stellenbosch

A

Oldest and most respected, with 7 wards
Led by Cab Sav
Chard, Chenin, Sav B

65
Q

Paarl

A

Home to familiar brands

66
Q

Franschoek

A

French Huguenot area

Chard, Semillon, Syrah, and Bordeaux vars

67
Q

Constantia Ward

A

Within Cape Town, cool climate and granite
Planted first in 1600 with repute for dessert wines: vin de Constance was a sweet muscat
Groot Contantia and Klein Const. carry on trad

68
Q

Swartland

A

Rugged, dry farming, bush vines and undergoing renaissance; Chenin and Rhone vars

69
Q

Elgin

A

up and coming

70
Q

Walker Bay

A

Cooler maritime: pinot and chard

71
Q

Breede River

A

Used to be known for fortified and desert wines, now Chard and Sav B
Robertson: Valley of Vines and Roses with dramatic evolution
Worcester: grows 25% of nations wine, with brandy and tablegrapes too

72
Q

Main grapes and famous wines of Australia

A

Shiraz, Chardonnay
R: Cab Sav, Merlot
Stickies: Riesling / Semillon botrytis wines, late harvest muscats (Gordo Blanco)
Sparkling from cooler regions, red from Shiraz

73
Q

What is Hunter Valley famous for?

A

Semillon

74
Q

Riverina

A

50% of Aust. wine production and largest geography
Fertile interior plus irrigation
Lotsa bulk table wine

75
Q

Rutherglen

A

Continental climate

Famous for fortified muscat wines and increasingly Shiraz

76
Q

Heathcote

A

Cool winds from Mount Camel

Premium Shiraz

77
Q

Coonawarra

A

Terra Rossa over free draining limestone

Cab Sav

78
Q

McLaren and Barossa

A

Med climate

Shiraz

79
Q

Clare and Eden

A

Cooler

Riesling

80
Q

Riverland

A

Second highest production

81
Q

Margaret river

A

Cooler med climate

Chards, Sav Blanc / Semillon Blends

82
Q

New Zealand

A

80% white
Sauv Blanc; also Chard and Pinot Gris
Pinot Noir (in Southern half / Strait of Cook); other reds in the warmer north

83
Q

Marlborough

A

2/3 of production
Sav Blanc, Pinot Noir
Contains Cloudy Bay and Clifford Bay and three valleys (Wairau, Awatere, and Southern)

84
Q

Hawke’s Bay

A

Distant 2nd in production
Reds
Gimblett Gravels which feature greywacke, and produce Bord varieties and Syrah

85
Q

Gisbourne

A

“Chard Capital of NZ”

Widest part so western winds are warmed

86
Q

Central Otago

A

Continental
Pinot Noir
6 subregions including Alexandra (furthest south) and Bannockburn which is harvested a month early

87
Q

Canterbury

A

Waipara Valley important

Pinot and Sav Blanc

88
Q

Nelson

A

Western side of S Alps

“Sunny Nelson”

89
Q

Main grapes of Portugal

A

Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinto Roriz / Aragonez (all used in Port)
Other reds: Castelao, Baga, Trincadeira
Whites: less than 1/3, Loureiro, Alvarihno (used in Vinho Verde), and Fernao Pires (Maria Gomes)
Madeira: whites -> Secrial, Verdelho, Boal, Malvasia (Malmsey)

90
Q

Minho region

A

Vinho verde

A red from Vinhao

91
Q

Douro

A

Same vars as port

92
Q

Madeira

A

Noble grapes: Sercial, Verdelho, Boal, Malvasia (Malmsey)

Tinta negra most commonly grown on the island

93
Q

Bairrada

A 
Majority red (Baga)
White Maria Gomes
94
Q

Dao

A

Full bodied red blends

95
Q

Lisboa

A

Regional wines

Colares near surfing beach uses Ramisco (r) and Malvasia (w)

96
Q

Setubal

A

Vin doux naturel: Moscatel de Setubal (85% musc)

Palmela from Castelao

97
Q

Azores

A

Majority white

98
Q

Spain

A

Airen most widely planted
Tempranillo at 20%
Other reds: Garnacha and Monastrell
Other whites: Macabeo (Viura)

99
Q

Galicia (Green Spain)

A

Rias Baixas: Albarino
Ribeiro: Treixadura and other whites
Valdeorras: Godello (w), and Murcia (r)

100
Q

Castilla y Leon

A

Toro: Tempranillo (Tinta de Toro)
Rueda: Rueda Blanco from Verdejo (w)
Cigales: Tempranillo (Tinta del Pais)
Ribeira del Duero: on par with Rioja, grows Tempranillo (Tinto Fino)

101
Q

Navarra

A

Famous for rose from Tempranillo and Garnacha

102
Q

Aragon

A

Somontano is best
Intl vars
Rosados from Garnacha

103
Q

Castilla-La Mancha

A

Airen
Tempranillo (Cencibal)
Valdepenas - better water retention

104
Q

Murcia

A

Monastrell

105
Q

Montilla-Morilles

A

Intense heat
Rich desert wines
Pedro Ximenez is 70% of plantings

106
Q

Rioja

A

Tempranillo at 90%
Mazuelo (Carignan) and Graciano
Viura (w)

107
Q

Priorat

A

Garnacha, Carinena

108
Q

Tarragona

A

75% aromatic whites

109
Q

Costers del Segre

A

Blends

Non traditional winemakers

110
Q

Penedes

A

Modern wine revolution
Mostly white (Xarel-lo)
Main production area for Cava

111
Q

Jerez

A

Sherry: Palomino (grown in albariza), PX (grown in barro), Moscatel (grown in arena)

112
Q

Cava

A

95% in Catalonia, but scattered across Spain too
Town of San Sadurni de Noya is spiritual heart
Made with Macabeo, Xarel-lo, Parellada
Trad method

113
Q

Corpinnat

A

EU recog brand
In Penedes
Organic farming
Must be 90% historic vars and hand harvested

114
Q

Piedmont

A

Barolo (38 months aging min, 62 for reserve)
Barbaresco (26 / 50 months)
Asti - 100% Moscato Bianco, variety of styles incl spumante with Charmat, Metodo Classico, and Moscato di Asti (frizzante, partial fermentation method or Asti method)
Vermouth

115
Q

Other Piedmont appellations

A 
Barbera d'Asti
Roero - Nebbiolo or fragrant Arneis
Gattinara and Ghemme (Nebbiolo called Spanna)
Gavi
Brachetto
116
Q

Lombardy

A

Franciacorta: metodo classico from Chard, Pinot Blanco, and Pinot Nero; lees aged 18 mos, 30 for vintage, 60 for reserve; Saten is a type
Valtellina - Nebbiolo (called Chiavennasca); sforzato version from dried

117
Q

Tuscany

A

90% reds: Sangiovese, Cannaiolo Nero, Colorino
W: Trebbiano Toscano, Vernaccia (esp in San Gimignano), Malvasia
Vin Santo - hung in attic rafters, 3 years in attic in barrel with lees from previous; made with TT or Malv or occhio di pernice from Sangio
Super Tuscans: Sassicaia in 1968 from Tenuta Sanguido in Bolgheri, later Tignanello and Solaia
Chianti: 70% to 100% Sangio, 80% for classico
Brunello di Montalcino - 100% Brunello and aged 4 years
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano: 70% Prugnolo Gentile (Sangio)
Carmignano and Morellino di Scansano
Maremma (the coast)

118
Q

Emilia-Romagna

A

Romagna Albana: first white to receive DOCG

Lambrusco: slightly sweet red, frizzante

119
Q

Marches

A

White Verdicchio

Montepulciano or Sangio blends

120
Q

Abruzzo

A

Montepulciano d Abruzzo: 85% Monte; cerasuolo version is light fruity red from shorter maceration
Colline Termane and Tullum (Montep)
White Trebb Abruzzese

121
Q

Umbria

A

Orvieto: TT (Procanico) and Grechetto

R’s: Montefalco Sagrantino (100% Sagr); Torgiano (70% Sangio)

122
Q

Lazio

A

Whites: TT and Malvasia

Frascati and Est!Est!!Est!!!

123
Q

Campania

A

Volcanic soil
Taurasi from Aglianico
Vesuvio - Lacryma Christi del Vesuvio

124
Q

Calabria

A

Ciro: red Gaglioppo w Greco Bianco

Copper colored desert wine Greco di Bianco

125
Q

Puglia

A

Salice Salentino from Negroamaro

Primitivo

126
Q

Sicily

A

Active volcano
Cerasuolo di Vittoria from Nero d’ Avola and Frappato
Etna DOC whites
Marsala from Grillo and Inzolia; secco to dulce, fine to reserva
oro, ambra, rubino colors
uses solera system

127
Q

Sardinia

A 
Cannonau (85% or 90% for riserva)
Vermentino DOCG (Gallura variety of styles)

Wine (6 decks)

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