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Wines of the World Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four kinds of Bordeaux wines and what grapes are they primarily based on?

A

Left Bank: Cab Sav
Right Bank: Merlot
Dry Whites: Sav Blanc
Sweet Whites (e.g. Sauternes): Semillon

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2
Q

Five regions of the Loire, the grapes they mostly use, and the wines they primarily produce

A

Pays Nantais - Melon de Burgogne
Anjou - Chenin Blanc, Cab Franc, roses, sweet desert from Bonnezeaux, Quarts du Chaume, Layon
Saumur - sparkling: Chenin Blanc, Cab Franc, cremant de Loire
Tourraine - Vouvray from Ch. Blanc; Chinon / Bourgeils / St Nick Bourgeils from Cab Franc; Tourraine uses Sav Blanc
Upper Loire - Sav Blanc

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3
Q

Champagne varieties

A

Chard, Pinot Noir, Meunier

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4
Q

Alsace wines

A

Single variety dry whites from the four noble grapes: Ries, Gewurtz, Pinot G, Muscat
Only Pinot Noir allowed of reds
Pinot Blanc also
Edelzvicker = blend
Vendange Tardive = late harvest
Selection de Grains Nobles - botrytis
Klevener de Heiligenstein = Klevener (Savagnin Rose restricted to village of Heiligenstein)
Cremant d Alsace - only Chardonnay allowed
51 grand crus most in Haut Rihn

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5
Q

Burgundy wines

A

Pinot Noir (40%), mostly grown in Cotes de Nuits which has 24 grand crus, and Chardonnay, mostly grown in Cote de Beaunne, which has 8 grand crus.
90% dry and still
Limestone soils
Aligote also a major grape

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6
Q

Chablis

A

Only Chardonnay permitted

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7
Q

Beaujolais

A

Gamay, granitic, carbonic maceration
Beaujolais Villages (38) - higher standards
10 crus
Beaujolais Nouveau - Third Thursday of Nov

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8
Q

Northern Rhone

A

Mostly red (Syrah) and whites are Viognier (Condrieu and Grillet 100%) and Rousanne and Marsanne

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9
Q

Southern Rhone

A

Grenache, Syrah, Mouvdre, Carignan, Cinsault
Whites: Grenache Blanc, Clairette
Muscat de Beaumes Venise, Rasteau = sweet vin doux naturel
Tavel - rose only

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10
Q

Describe the wines of South France

A

Typical French Grapes: GSM, Carignan, Merlot, Chard, Sav Blanc
Languedoc Rousillon: GSM, Cins, Carig
Banyuls, Maury = Sweet vin doux nauturels from Grenache
Cremant de Limoux - Ancestral method from Chard

Provence - Bandol is famous; rose is 88% from GSM and others

Corsica - Nieluccio grape (same as San Giovese); muscat; Vermentino (from Rolle and Malvoisie de Corse)
Isle of Beauty IGP; Vin de Corse AOC, Cap Corse (from the mountains) based on Muscat

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11
Q

Veneto

A 
Mostly whites: pinot grigio, prosecco (85% glera) and soave (70% Garganega)
Reds: Valpolicella (from Corvina) and Bardolino
Dried appasimento (e.g. Amarone), recioto, and ripasso
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12
Q

Trentino Alto Adige

A

Wide variety of intl

Trentodoc is sparkling wine

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13
Q

Friuli Venezia Giulia

A

Intl vars
Colli Orientali del Friuli Picolit (sweet); Collio; Collio Bianco; orange wines from Ribolla Gialla oxidized; Ramandolo (sweet from Verduzzo) and Rosazzo (dry 50% Friulano)

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14
Q

Germany’s most popular grapes

A

Whites dominate: Riesling, Muller Thurgau (Riesling x Madeline Cross), Silvaner, Weissburgunder, Grauburgunder, Gewurztraminer
1/3 Reds: Spatburgunder (3rd most widely planted), Dornfelder, Blauer Portugieser

Sekt (tank method) and Schaumwein (carbonation)

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15
Q

Mosel

A

Blue slate soils

Riesling, with 6 Bereiche including Saar and Ruwertal)

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16
Q

Rheingau

A

Riesling, Spat

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17
Q

Nahe

A

Riesling

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18
Q

Rheinhessen

A

Ries, MT, Dorn

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19
Q

Pfalz

A

(aka Palatinate)

Ries

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20
Q

Franken

A

MT, Silvaner
Cold
Use Bockbeutel

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21
Q

Ahr

A

Red esp Spat Burgunder

Steep slopes, greywacke, blue slate

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22
Q

Baden

A

Spat

Warmest part of German wine regions is Kaiserstuhl

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23
Q

Most common Austrian grapes and famous wines

A

White (66%)
Signature grape is Gruner Veltliner
other whites include Welschriesling, MT, Weissb, Ries, Chard
Reds include Zweigelt (Blaufrankisch x St Laurent), Blaufrankisch (aka Lemberger or Kekfrankos), St Laurent

Strohwein = grapes dried on stroh or schilf mats or hung on strings
Bergwein = mountain wine from slopes with 26 deg gradient
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24
Q

Wienviertel

A

100% Gruner Veltliner

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25
Wachau
Rieden estates | GV or Ries
26
Wagram
Pink skinned Roter Veltliner
27
Mittleburgen and Eisenberg
Blaufrankisch
28
Neusiedlersee
Zweigelt
29
Rosalia
Red or rose
30
Ruster Ausbruch
30 degree KMW botrytis affected
31
Steiermark
Warmer region with staggering slopes | Chard and Sav Blanc
32
Weststeiermark
Schlicher (Blauer Wildbacher) Rose is 85% of all plantings
33
Wien
Gemischter Satz = a vineyard blend
34
Famous grapes and varieties from Hungary
``` 70% whites Tokaji Aszu from botrytis Furmint blended with Harslevelu Egri Bikaver (Bull's Blood of Egri) a red from Kadarka, Kekfrank., and others Eszencia - ultra sweet botrytis ```
35
Croatia
Whites are 2/3: Grasevina (Welschriesling), and Malvasia and Bogandusa Red: Crljenak Kastelanski (Zin), Frankovka (aka Blaufrank.)
36
Switzerland
50/50 red and white Pinot, Gamay, Merlot Chasselas (Fendant)
37
Romania
W: Feteasca Alba / Regala | Pinot Noir, Feteasca Negra
38
Bulgaria
``` 50/50 r and w Intl vars R: Mavrud, Rubin (Nebbilolo x Syrah), Gamza (Kadarka) W: Rkatsiteli, Dimiat, Misket Chevren (pink skinned) ```
39
Slovenia
Regions: Podravje, Primorska, Posavje | Intl vars
40
Georgia
Rkatsiteli (w) and Saperavi (r)
41
Crimea
Novyset winery made Brut Paradiso that won 1900 world's fair vs Champagne Etalita = fortified wine
42
Two flagship varieties of Argentina
Malbec and Torrontes
43
What three grapes were grown in Argentina historically?
Criolla Grande, Criolla Chica, and Cereza (mission grapes)
44
Which region in Argentina grows a lot of mission grapes
Catamarca
45
Which regions of Argentina major in reds?
La Rioja, Mendoza, Neuquen, La Pampa, Rio Negro, Chubut
46
Which regions in Argentina feature Malbec as a leading grape?
Mendoza, La Pampa, Neuqen, Rio Negro
47
What kind of wine does Chubut specialize in?
60% red, Pinot Noir leads
48
What wines does Buenos Aires specialize in?
Chard and Sauv Blanc
49
What regions have Torrontes as a leading grape?
Salta, Catamarca, La Rioja
50
Most planted in Chile
Cab Sav
51
Besides Cab Sav, what does Chile grow?
Mostly reds overall (incl Cab Sav), with Syrah. Also Chardonnay, and Sauvignon Blanc (replacing Sauvignon Vert)
52
Important regions of Coquimbo and what they grow
Elqui: table grapes, and typical intl varieties, but increasingly Syrah important Limari: Chardonnay, due to cooling ocean breezes and Humboldt current
53
Important regions of Aconcagua and what they grow
Valley: warmest, coast grows whites, interior grows reds Casablanca: whites SanAntonio: pinot Leyda has granitic soils
54
What is the center of Chilean winemaking and what do they grow
Maipo Valley, around Santiago, with old vines and specializing in Cab Sav
55
Rapel valley
Cachapoal, colchagua, focused on reds
56
Curico
planted in 1800s but renewed interest now; reds and whites
57
Maule
Mild dry climate good for organic Cab Sav Old Vine Carignan, promoted by VIGNO (Vignadores de Carignan) Pipeno (old mission grape Pais)
58
Del Sur
Rainier and cooler, traditionally focused on pais and moscatel
59
Itata vs Bio Bio
Itata - reds | Bio Bio - whites
60
Austral
Rainy and marginal
61
Main grape of Uruguay and grape seeing new success. What is the main area?
Tannay (called Harriague) and Albarino. | Main area is Canelones
62
Main wine growing area of Brazil and its focus
Serra Gaucha, focused on red, but sparkling increasing in repute. 4/6 vineyard areas are in state of Rio Grande do Sul Vale dos Vinhedos flagship are merlot and chard`
63
Wines / varieties of South Africa
Chenin Blanc (Steen), most widely planted Muscat de Frontignan (Petits Grains) produces Noble Late Harvest botrytis affected wines Chard, Sav Blanc, Muscat of Alexandria (Hanepoot) Cab Sav is leading red followed by Shiraz Pinotage (Pinot Noir x Cinsault) developed at Stellenbosch University, which makes up Cape Blend (at 30% to 70%) 95% of plantings in Western Cape
64
Stellenbosch
Oldest and most respected, with 7 wards Led by Cab Sav Chard, Chenin, Sav B
65
Paarl
Home to familiar brands
66
Franschoek
French Huguenot area | Chard, Semillon, Syrah, and Bordeaux vars
67
Constantia Ward
Within Cape Town, cool climate and granite Planted first in 1600 with repute for dessert wines: vin de Constance was a sweet muscat Groot Contantia and Klein Const. carry on trad
68
Swartland
Rugged, dry farming, bush vines and undergoing renaissance; Chenin and Rhone vars
69
Elgin
up and coming
70
Walker Bay
Cooler maritime: pinot and chard
71
Breede River
Used to be known for fortified and desert wines, now Chard and Sav B Robertson: Valley of Vines and Roses with dramatic evolution Worcester: grows 25% of nations wine, with brandy and tablegrapes too
72
Main grapes and famous wines of Australia
Shiraz, Chardonnay R: Cab Sav, Merlot Stickies: Riesling / Semillon botrytis wines, late harvest muscats (Gordo Blanco) Sparkling from cooler regions, red from Shiraz
73
What is Hunter Valley famous for?
Semillon
74
Riverina
50% of Aust. wine production and largest geography Fertile interior plus irrigation Lotsa bulk table wine
75
Rutherglen
Continental climate | Famous for fortified muscat wines and increasingly Shiraz
76
Heathcote
Cool winds from Mount Camel | Premium Shiraz
77
Coonawarra
Terra Rossa over free draining limestone | Cab Sav
78
McLaren and Barossa
Med climate | Shiraz
79
Clare and Eden
Cooler | Riesling
80
Riverland
Second highest production
81
Margaret river
Cooler med climate | Chards, Sav Blanc / Semillon Blends
82
New Zealand
80% white Sauv Blanc; also Chard and Pinot Gris Pinot Noir (in Southern half / Strait of Cook); other reds in the warmer north
83
Marlborough
2/3 of production Sav Blanc, Pinot Noir Contains Cloudy Bay and Clifford Bay and three valleys (Wairau, Awatere, and Southern)
84
Hawke's Bay
Distant 2nd in production Reds Gimblett Gravels which feature greywacke, and produce Bord varieties and Syrah
85
Gisbourne
"Chard Capital of NZ" | Widest part so western winds are warmed
86
Central Otago
Continental Pinot Noir 6 subregions including Alexandra (furthest south) and Bannockburn which is harvested a month early
87
Canterbury
Waipara Valley important | Pinot and Sav Blanc
88
Nelson
Western side of S Alps | "Sunny Nelson"
89
Main grapes of Portugal
Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinto Roriz / Aragonez (all used in Port) Other reds: Castelao, Baga, Trincadeira Whites: less than 1/3, Loureiro, Alvarihno (used in Vinho Verde), and Fernao Pires (Maria Gomes) Madeira: whites -> Secrial, Verdelho, Boal, Malvasia (Malmsey)
90
Minho region
Vinho verde | A red from Vinhao
91
Douro
Same vars as port
92
Madeira
Noble grapes: Sercial, Verdelho, Boal, Malvasia (Malmsey) | Tinta negra most commonly grown on the island
93
Bairrada
``` Majority red (Baga) White Maria Gomes ```
94
Dao
Full bodied red blends
95
Lisboa
Regional wines | Colares near surfing beach uses Ramisco (r) and Malvasia (w)
96
Setubal
Vin doux naturel: Moscatel de Setubal (85% musc) | Palmela from Castelao
97
Azores
Majority white
98
Spain
Airen most widely planted Tempranillo at 20% Other reds: Garnacha and Monastrell Other whites: Macabeo (Viura)
99
Galicia (Green Spain)
Rias Baixas: Albarino Ribeiro: Treixadura and other whites Valdeorras: Godello (w), and Murcia (r)
100
Castilla y Leon
Toro: Tempranillo (Tinta de Toro) Rueda: Rueda Blanco from Verdejo (w) Cigales: Tempranillo (Tinta del Pais) Ribeira del Duero: on par with Rioja, grows Tempranillo (Tinto Fino)
101
Navarra
Famous for rose from Tempranillo and Garnacha
102
Aragon
Somontano is best Intl vars Rosados from Garnacha
103
Castilla-La Mancha
Airen Tempranillo (Cencibal) Valdepenas - better water retention
104
Murcia
Monastrell
105
Montilla-Morilles
Intense heat Rich desert wines Pedro Ximenez is 70% of plantings
106
Rioja
Tempranillo at 90% Mazuelo (Carignan) and Graciano Viura (w)
107
Priorat
Garnacha, Carinena
108
Tarragona
75% aromatic whites
109
Costers del Segre
Blends | Non traditional winemakers
110
Penedes
Modern wine revolution Mostly white (Xarel-lo) Main production area for Cava
111
Jerez
Sherry: Palomino (grown in albariza), PX (grown in barro), Moscatel (grown in arena)
112
Cava
95% in Catalonia, but scattered across Spain too Town of San Sadurni de Noya is spiritual heart Made with Macabeo, Xarel-lo, Parellada Trad method
113
Corpinnat
EU recog brand In Penedes Organic farming Must be 90% historic vars and hand harvested
114
Piedmont
Barolo (38 months aging min, 62 for reserve) Barbaresco (26 / 50 months) Asti - 100% Moscato Bianco, variety of styles incl spumante with Charmat, Metodo Classico, and Moscato di Asti (frizzante, partial fermentation method or Asti method) Vermouth
115
Other Piedmont appellations
``` Barbera d'Asti Roero - Nebbiolo or fragrant Arneis Gattinara and Ghemme (Nebbiolo called Spanna) Gavi Brachetto ```
116
Lombardy
Franciacorta: metodo classico from Chard, Pinot Blanco, and Pinot Nero; lees aged 18 mos, 30 for vintage, 60 for reserve; Saten is a type Valtellina - Nebbiolo (called Chiavennasca); sforzato version from dried
117
Tuscany
90% reds: Sangiovese, Cannaiolo Nero, Colorino W: Trebbiano Toscano, Vernaccia (esp in San Gimignano), Malvasia Vin Santo - hung in attic rafters, 3 years in attic in barrel with lees from previous; made with TT or Malv or occhio di pernice from Sangio Super Tuscans: Sassicaia in 1968 from Tenuta Sanguido in Bolgheri, later Tignanello and Solaia Chianti: 70% to 100% Sangio, 80% for classico Brunello di Montalcino - 100% Brunello and aged 4 years Vino Nobile di Montepulciano: 70% Prugnolo Gentile (Sangio) Carmignano and Morellino di Scansano Maremma (the coast)
118
Emilia-Romagna
Romagna Albana: first white to receive DOCG | Lambrusco: slightly sweet red, frizzante
119
Marches
White Verdicchio | Montepulciano or Sangio blends
120
Abruzzo
Montepulciano d Abruzzo: 85% Monte; cerasuolo version is light fruity red from shorter maceration Colline Termane and Tullum (Montep) White Trebb Abruzzese
121
Umbria
Orvieto: TT (Procanico) and Grechetto | R's: Montefalco Sagrantino (100% Sagr); Torgiano (70% Sangio)
122
Lazio
Whites: TT and Malvasia | Frascati and Est!Est!!Est!!!
123
Campania
Volcanic soil Taurasi from Aglianico Vesuvio - Lacryma Christi del Vesuvio
124
Calabria
Ciro: red Gaglioppo w Greco Bianco | Copper colored desert wine Greco di Bianco
125
Puglia
Salice Salentino from Negroamaro | Primitivo
126
Sicily
Active volcano Cerasuolo di Vittoria from Nero d' Avola and Frappato Etna DOC whites Marsala from Grillo and Inzolia; secco to dulce, fine to reserva oro, ambra, rubino colors uses solera system
127
Sardinia
``` Cannonau (85% or 90% for riserva) Vermentino DOCG (Gallura variety of styles) ```

Wine (6 decks)

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