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Plating and Pairing > Wines > Flashcards

Wines Flashcards

1
Q

What is the title for someone who specializes in wines?

A

Sommelier

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2
Q

What is the most basic definition of wine?

A

The alcoholic beverage obtained from the conversion of fruit juice, most often grapes juice, into wine by fermentation.

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3
Q

What is fermentation in regards to wine?

A

The conversion of the natural sugar in the fruit juice into alcohol through the introduction of yeast.

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4
Q

What is the formula for fermentation?

A

Sugar + Yeast = Alcohol + CO2

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5
Q

Wine is an __________ product and a ________.

A

agricultural, beverage

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6
Q

True or False - Only grapes can be used to make wine.

A

False - any fruit can be used

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7
Q

True or False - Canada is one of the world’s top 10 wine-producing countries.

A

False

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8
Q

What are the 3 largest wine-producing countries based on volume?

A

Italy, France, and Spain

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9
Q

True or False - The top 3 largest wine-producing countries produce about 50% of the world’s wine.

A

True

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10
Q

Who were the top 10 wine exporters in 2018 based on $ value?

A
  1. France
  2. Italy
  3. Spain
  4. Australia
  5. Chile
  6. United States
  7. Germany
  8. New Zealand
  9. Portugal
  10. Argentina
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11
Q

What is the percentage of wine growth per year?

A

10%

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12
Q

True or False - Wine is foundational for economic wellbeing in many countries.

A

True

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13
Q

Who are 5 of the top 15 wine-consuming countries as of 2018 by volume?

A 
~ United States
~ France
~ Italy
~ Germany
~ Chile
~ UK
~ Russia
~ Spain
~ Argentina
~ Australia
~ Portugal
~ Canada
~ Romania
~ South Africa
~ Brazil
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14
Q

What are the two main categories of wine we will be discussing in this class?

A

Red Wine and White Wine

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15
Q

What is the difference between white wine and red wine?

A

The difference is in the type of grapes used and the process by which juice is extracted.

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16
Q

When is the optimal time to harvest white grapes?

A

During the coolest part of the day.

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17
Q

What piece of equipment is often used to crush grapes?

A

A pneumatic press

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18
Q

What is the basic procedure for producing wine?

A

Harvest -> Crush -> Juice -> Add Yeast -> Fermentation -> Malolactic Fermentation -> Clarification and Stabilization -> Aging Profile -> Bottling -> Cellaring -> Shipping

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19
Q

What are the 5 fermentation options for white wine production?

A 
~ Stainless Steel
~ Oak Barrel
~ Combined Oak and Tank
~ Types of Yeast
~ Sur Lie
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20
Q

Name one advantage and one disadvantage of using oak barrels for processing wine.

A

Pro: they produce a richer tasting wine and imparts structure and flavour profiles
Con: they are expensive

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21
Q

What are 3 advantages to using stainless steel for processing wine?

A

~ Keeps the wine fresh
~ Wine stays cool
~ A larger quantity can be processed

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22
Q

Yeast interprets the natural ______ and ______ profiles of grapes.

A

aromas, flavours

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23
Q

What is Sur Lie?

A

The process of using skins and seeds to age grapes.

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24
Q

True or False - Malolactic Fermentation is always used for white grapes.

A

False - Malolactic fermentation may be used fully, partially, or not at all.

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25
Q

What quality of white grapes determines whether or not Malolactic fermentation is used?

A

The acidity of the grapes.

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26
Q

What process converts Malic Acid to Lactic Acid?

A

Malolactic Fermentation

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27
Q

Aroma and Flavour are considered the ______ of grapes.

A

Value

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28
Q

There is a special type of yeast from South Africa that brings out what flavour in grapes during fermentation?

A

Tropical flavours

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29
Q

In the making of red wine, the juice is extracted along with what?

A

The seeds and the skin.

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30
Q

Fermenting the juice along with the seed and skins is known as?

A

Maceration

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31
Q

When fermenting red wine what factors/options do you have for creating different flavour profiles?

A 
~ Time on Skins
~ Extraction Method
~ Type of Fermentation Vessel
~ Types of Yeast
~ Temperature
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32
Q

True or False - White wine can be made from red grapes.

A

True

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33
Q

How is pink wine made?

A

By fermenting grapes with only a limited skin content.

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34
Q

True or False - White wine uses wooden barrels more than red wine does.

A

False - Wooden barrels are more often used in the production of red wines.

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35
Q

Most red wines are aged no more than _____ months.

A

20

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36
Q

True or False - Some red wines are aged in the cellar for more than 12 years.

A

True

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37
Q

Wine with bubbles is called what?

A

Champagne

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38
Q

True or False - Champagne is made all over the world.

A

False - To be called champagne, the grapes must be grown in the Champagne region of France.

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39
Q

True or False - 90% of all champagne is red.

A

False - 90% of all champagne is white

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40
Q

What three grapes are used in the making of champagne? And what colour grape are they?

A

~ Pinot Noir - Red
~ Pinot Meunier - Red
~ Chardonnay - White

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41
Q

What type of bottle is champagne bottled in?

A

A bottle with a bunt on the bottom. (The deeper indentation in the bottom)

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42
Q

The second-largest planted white grape in the world is what?

A

Chardonnay

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43
Q

True or False - It is illegal to make a pink wine by mixing white and red wine.

A

True

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44
Q

True or False - In the Champagne region of France, pink Champagne can be made by blending white and red wine.

A

True`

45
Q

What is the process for making champagne?

A

Harvest -> Crush -> Juice -> Primary Fermentation of Base Wines -> Blending the Cuvee -> Methode Traditionnelle -> Secondary Fermentation -> Riddling -> Degorgement -> Dosage -> Corking and Aging -> Shipping

46
Q

In which step of champagne production are different styles of wine created?

A

During the Blending of the Cuvee stage.

47
Q

What is Liqueur de Triage?

A

A blend of wine, sugar, and yeast, used in the Methode Traditionnelle, added to the bottle before it is capped. This process traps CO2 in the Champagne.

48
Q

During the Riddling Phase, how is sediment prevented from remaining in the champagne?

A

The bottles are stored upside down, and turned 1/4 turn at regular intervals.

49
Q

What is the Degorgement Stage?

A

The process of putting the champagne bottle in liquid nitrogen and uncapping it. The sediment cap is released leaving a crystal clear champagne.

50
Q

What is the Dosage Stage?

A

The process of topping a bottle of champagne after the loss experienced in the degorgement stage.

51
Q

How long is Champagne usually aged?

A

15-30 months

52
Q

True or False - Champagne must be aged longer after purchase.

A

False

53
Q

Define: Terroir

A

A French term used to describe the uniqueness of wine. It comes from the root word “terr” which is used to define soil or earth. The French Terroir describes a wine that expresses a sense of place.

54
Q

______ and _______ are two aspects of Terroir.

A

Aspect, Geography

55
Q

Name 3 Vineyard locations across the world.

A 
~ Clos de Vougeot in Burgundy, France
~ Quails Gate Winery in Kelowna BC
~ Bordeaux, France
~ Alsace, France
~ Rhone Valley, France
~ Cotes du Rhone, France
~ Cognac Vineyards
~ Barolo, Piedmont, Italy
~ Tuscany, Italy
~ Veneto, Italy
~ Douro Valley, Portugal
~ Vinho Verde, Portugal
~ Rioja Spain
~ Penedes, Spain
~ Madeira
~ Mosel, Germany
~ Eden Valley, Barossa, Australia
~ Coonawarra Terra Rossa Sons, Australia
~ Central Otago, New Zealand
~ Rippon Vineyard at Lake Wanka
~ Marlborough, New Zealand
~ Napa Valley
~ Sonoma Valley
~ Carneros
~ Oregon Willamette Valley
~ Washington State
~ Hungarian Vineyards
~ Mendoza, Argentina
~ Casablanca Valley, Chile
~ Stellenbosch, South Africa
~ Naramata BC
~ Beamsville Bench, Ontario
56
Q

What are the 5 Styles of Wine?

A 
~ Red Wine
~ White Wine
~ Sparkling Wine
~ Rose
~ Dessert Wines
57
Q

What 3 methods can be used to make sparkling wine?

A

~ Methode Traditionnelle
~ Charmat Method
~ Soda Pop Method

58
Q

What determines how sweet a wine is?

A

~ The residual sugar content

59
Q

How many red grape varieties can be used in a blended wine?

A

Up to 5

60
Q

How many white grape varieties can be used in a blended wine?

A

1 or 2

61
Q

What is the best material for aging wine?

A

Oak

62
Q

What are the 7 ways dessert wine can be produced?

A 
~ Late Harvest
~ Ice Wine
~ Botrytis Cinerea
~ Fortified
~ Dried Grapes
~ Naturally Sweet Grapes
~ Fruit Wine
63
Q

How much longer are late harvest grapes left on the vine?

A

2-3 Weeks

64
Q

Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise is an example of what type of dessert wine? And can be paired with which desserts?

A

Late Harvest

Pair with Pear Charlotte or Fruit Tarts

65
Q

What temperature must ice wines be chilled at?

A

-8 C for at least 8 hours before harvest

66
Q

Riesling Ice Wine pairs well with what dessert?

A

Peach cobbler, Pineapple upside-down cake, Flans, Custards

67
Q

What is a Fortified Wine?

A

Wines with added neutral spirits or brandy to increase the alcohol levels above 16% to 21%

68
Q

What types of wines are included under the umbrella of Fortified Wines?

A

~ Sherry
~ Port
~ Madeira

69
Q

What are the two primary categories of sherry?

A

Fino and Oloroso

70
Q

What is the difference between Fino and Oloroso?

A

Fino is a dry, unoxidized wine and Oloroso is sweeter. oxidized wine and is darker in colour.

71
Q

What are the two primary styles of port wine?

A

Ruby and Tawny

72
Q

True or False - Ruby wine must be aged 3 years at least.

A

False - Ruby wine is meant to be consumed young. Tawny is aged for a minimum of 3 years.

73
Q

What type of wine is intentionally heated to 45C?

A

Madeira

74
Q

What percentage of port wine is red?

A

About 90%

75
Q

Describe a Liqueur?

A

Liqueurs are after-dinner digestives. They are usually very sweet ~50% sugar and are defined by their primary flavour rather than their base spirit.

76
Q

What is the world’s largest selling Liqueur?

A

Baileys Irish Cream

77
Q

Name 3 Liqueurs

A 
~ Kaluha
~ Glayva
~ Grand Marnier
~ Amaretto
~ Kirsch
~ Chambord
~ Creme de Cassis
~ Sambuca
~ Creme de Menthe
~ Godiva
78
Q

What are the top 3 most consumed beverages worldwide?

A
  1. Tea
  2. Water
    3 Coffee
79
Q

What are the top 3 most consumed beverages in Canada?

A
  1. Coffee
  2. Water
  3. Tea
80
Q

Define: Tannins

A

The slightly bitter taste produced by the skins of grapes and other fruits and herbs.

81
Q

Name 3 herbs that contain tannins.

A 
~ Cloves
~ Cumin
~ Thyme
~ Vanilla
~ Cinnamon
82
Q

What are the 4 main types of tea?

A

~ White
~ Green
~ Oolong
~ Black

83
Q

True or False - Roobios and Herbal Teas are not actually teas.

A

True - they fall into the category known as botanical blends

84
Q

What is white tea?

A

Tea made entirely from leaf buds that are covered with whitish hairs. These teas are not rolled and are slightly oxidized.

85
Q

What is the amount of caffeine in white tea?

A

30-55 mg

86
Q

True or False - Green Tea is fully oxidized.

A

False - Green Teas is not oxidized at all

87
Q

What is the amount of caffeine in green tea?

A

35-70 mg

88
Q

What does Oolong mean?

A

Black Dragon

89
Q

Oolong teas are _______ and highly ______ and are made with ______ oxidized leaves.

A

flavourful, aromatic, partially

90
Q

What type of tea is generally served without sugar or milk?

A

Oolong teas

91
Q

What is the amount of caffeine in oolong tea?

A

50-75 mg

92
Q

What is black tea?

A

Tea made from fully oxidized leaves, which produce a hearty, deep rich flavour in a coloured amber brew.

93
Q

What is the amount of caffeine in black tea?

A

60-90 mg

94
Q

In comparison to wine:
White and Lighter Green teas are comparable to _______ wines.
______ and _______ teas are comparable to red wines.
_______ is comparable to a light rose wine.

A

white, oolong, black, rooibos

95
Q

True or False - Jasmine is a type of rooibos tea.

A

False - Jasmine is a type of aromatic green tea

96
Q

In terms of coffee, _______ is key to pairings.

A

Bitterness

97
Q

What factors will determine the caffeine content in a coffee?

A

~ Type of Coffee Bean
~ Roasting
~ Type of Coffee
~ Serving Size

98
Q

True or False - In the coffee world, lighter roasts have more caffeine than darker roasts.

A

True

99
Q

How much caffeine does an 8oz cup of coffee contain?

A

70-140 mg of caffeine or 95 mg on average

100
Q

How much caffeine does one shot of espresso (30-50 ml) contain?

A

About 63 mg of caffeine

101
Q

True or False - Instant coffee contains more caffeine than regular coffee.

A

False

102
Q

How much caffeine is generally in decaf coffee?

A

3 mg

103
Q

Why is coffee traditionally served at the end of a meal?

A

Due to the bitterness factor

104
Q

What are the 2 varieties of coffee beans?

A

~ Coffee Arabica

~ Coffee Robusta

105
Q

Which coffee bean variety is better quality?

A

Coffee Arabica - it has a better flavour profile, however, it also has less caffeine

106
Q

Where is Arabica coffee indigenous to?

A

Ethiopia and Yemen

107
Q

What growing conditions are best for Coffee Arabica?

A

~ 3 000 ft above sea level
~ Tropical and Humid Climate
~ Temperatures around 68F

108
Q

Where did coffee robusta originate?

A

It originated in Africa, but is grown primarily in Brazil, Vietnam, and Africa.

Plating and Pairing (9 decks)

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