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WINE > Wine Composition and Chemistry > Flashcards

Wine Composition and Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Cross between Riesling and Madeleine Royale

A

Muller-Thurgau

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2
Q

Rivaner

A

aka Muller-Thurgau (aka Riseling-Silvaner)

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3
Q

Main Acids formed during fermentation?

A

Lactic, Acetic, Succinic

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4
Q

Acid w/ sharp/bitter/salty flavor

A

Succinic

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5
Q

What causes “wine diamonds”

A

Tartaric acid

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6
Q

5 major components of wine?

A

Water, Alcohol, Acids, Sugar, Phenolics

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7
Q

What is the typical pH of wine

A

2.9 - 3.9

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8
Q

Name 4 other wine components

A

Dissolved Gases, Aldehyde (oxidized alhohol), Sulfites, Esters

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9
Q

What are responsible for red hues in wine

A

Anthocyanins (phenolic)

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10
Q

What are responsible for yellow hues in wine?

A

Flavonols

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11
Q

Name 5 major phenolics

A

Anthocyanin, Flavonol, Resveratrol, Vanillin, Tannin

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12
Q

Do grapes contain lactic acid?

A

No - it is a byproduct of MF

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13
Q

Are tartrate crystals “wine diamonds” a defect?

A

No

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14
Q

Is citirc acid present in grapes?

A

Yes, in minute quantities - no sensory impact on wine

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15
Q

Is acetic acid present in wine?

A

Yes, but is volatile and evaporates quickly

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16
Q

How much sugar do grapes contain at harvest?

A

15 - 28%

17
Q

What are the main sugars in wine?

A

Simple sugars glucose and fructose

18
Q

What is used to balance high acidity in wine

A

Sugar

19
Q

Which phenolic has a major impact on sherry?

A

Acetaldehyde

20
Q

What causes flavonols to increase?

A

Exposure to sunlight

21
Q

Name a naturally occurring preservative of wine

A

Tannin

22
Q

What is polymerization?

A

Process whereby phenolic compounds combine to form longer molecule chains

23
Q

What are the largest group of odiferous compounds in wine?

A

Esters (combination of acid and alcohol molecule)

24
Q

What is a common ester in wine?

A

Ethyl Acetate. fruity/flowery aroma if low, nail polish remover aroma if too high

25
Q

What effect does carbon dioxide have on wine?

A

Keeps it feeling fresh/lively and promotes release of aromatic compounds

26
Q

What functions does sulfur perform when used in wine?

A

Antibacterial agent/Antioxidant

27
Q

What acids are found in unfermented grapes?

A

Main: Tartaric and Malic acid. Minor: Citric

28
Q

What are the main acids formed during fermentation?

A

Lactic, Acetic and Succinic acids

29
Q

What secondary alcohols are produced in wine?

A

Glycerol, Methanol, and Fusel

30
Q

What causes thicker “tears” in wine?

A

Alcohol. More alcohol = more tears”

WINE (7 decks)

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