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Wine Business Flashcards

1
Q

Who regulates the title “Champagne”?

A

Comite Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne
CIVC
Known as Comite Champagne

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2
Q

Oldest style of champagne?

A

Still pink wine from Pinot Noir

Slightly fizzy wines started to occur naturally, popular in English market

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3
Q

What was Dom Perignon’s contribution to Champagne?

A

Producing first white wine from black grapes
Invented Coquard Press
Re-introduced cork stopper to France
Pioneered the stronger, English glass for bottling

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4
Q

What was Veuve Clicquot’s contribution to Champagne?

A

Riddling (remuage) using pupitres

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5
Q

When was controlled secondary fermentation introduced?

A

Nineteenth century

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6
Q

When was dry Champagne introduced?

A

Late 19th century following disgorgement techniques

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7
Q

Current determining factor in grape prices in Champagne?

A

Moet & Chandon setting the trend

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8
Q

How many villages are ranked in echelle des crus, and what is their quality rating?

A

17 grand cru (100%)
42 premier cru (90-99%)
257 villages (80-89%)

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9
Q

How many champagne growers, and how much do they own? How many champagne houses?

A

16000 growers owning 90% of vineyards

340 houses own 10%

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10
Q

What is NM in Champagne?

A

Negociant Manipulant
Houses that buy grapes, must, or wine
Wine made on their property and sold under their label

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11
Q

What is RM in Champagne?

A

Recoltant Manipulant
Grower-Champagnes
Make champagne from their own vineyards under their own label

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12
Q

What is CM in Champagne?

A

Cooperative de manipulation

Co-ops that make Champagne under their own label from members grapes

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13
Q

Two largest Champagne groupings?

A

LVMH: owns Moet & Chandon, Dom P, Mercier, Veuve, Ruinart, Krug
Vranken Pommery Monopole: Vranken, Pommery, Monopole Heidsieck Charles Lafitte, Bissinger

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14
Q

Champagne export/domestic numbers, and by type?

A

50%/50% total
87% of exports from houses (vs. 73% total share)
Co-ops even split
Growers sell mostly domestic

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15
Q

How is supply/demand controlled in Champagne?

A

Comite Champagne controlling base wine yields
Managing reserve wine usage
Possibility of expanding Champagne AOC
Repositioning away from value market; premiumization

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16
Q

Factors influencing price of Champagne?

A 
Demand for higher price
Rising prices of grapes (6.10eu/kilo)
Aging times (ex. Vintage)
Higher rated vineyards
Red wine use (rose)
Oak use
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17
Q

Factors making up cost of bottle?

A

Grapes - 50%
Production costs - 30%
Marketing/advertizing - 20%

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18
Q

Current trends in Champagne?

A

Increased demand for Brut Nature/Extra Brut + Demi Sec
Intention for drinking over ice/cocktails
Increased demand for Rose Champagne
Increased demand in single-vineyard
Increased interest in grower champagnes outside domestic market

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19
Q

How many producers of Cremant d’Alsace, and what % of total Alsace wine is Cremant?

A

500

25% of total production and rising (15% more cremant over 10 yrs)

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20
Q

Important regulation for growers in Cremant d’Alsace?

A

Must declare which vineyards will make Cremant in July

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21
Q

Most common type of producer in Cremant d’Alsace? Top producer?

A

Co-ops (43%)

Maison Bestheim

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22
Q

Volume of Cremant d’Alsace, and how much is exported?

A

Doubled in volume from 2000-2014

20% export and growing

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23
Q

What is Emotion?

A

Top quality category for Alsace sparkling established in 2012
Min. 75% Pinot Blanc/Pinot Noir/Chard, 24mo lees
So far, not popular

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24
Q

Production of Cremant de Bourgogne?

A

10% of total Burgundy production
Grown by 33% in a decade
170000hL

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25
Important regulation for growers in Cremant de Bourgogne?
Must declare which vineyards will make Cremant by the end of March
26
Most common type of producer in Cremant de Bourgogne, and why?
``` Merchant houses (2/3) Co-ops remainder ``` Due to high investment costs
27
Significant producers of Cremant de Bourgogne?
Jean Charles Boisset | Louis Bouillot
28
Export % of Cremant de Bourgogne, and which to which markets?
40% | USA, Sweden, UK, Belgium, Germany
29
Who sells Cremant de Bourgogne?
90% negociants/co-ops | 90% of this is sold by 10 companies
30
Rules for Cremant de Bourgogne Eminent?
24 months on lees
31
Rules for Cremant de Bourgogne Grand Eminent?
``` Brut only 36 months on lees, 3 years in bottle Commonly vintage, but not required Blanc: Pinot Noir and Chardonnay only Rose: max. 20% Gamay ```
32
Production in Cremant de Loire?
``` 500 producers 19 merchant houses 10 co-ops 112000hL, increasing 9 large houses account for 80% of production ```
33
Important regulation for growers in Cremant de Loire?
Must declare which vineyards will make Cremant in July
34
What are the requirements of Prestige de Loire? When was it launched?
``` White only Chenin Blanc, Cab Franc, Chard, PN only 24 months on lees Vintage dated Brut Sustainable viticulture within 5 years ``` 2018
35
Export % of Loire sparkling, and main markets?
50% exported | Germany, USA, UK
36
Production of Saumur and Vouvray sparkling?
Base wine sent to specialist (lack of equipment) | Final product sent back to producer for labeling/distribution
37
Best known specialist in Loire?
Berger Elaborateur in Saint-Martin-le-Beau
38
Two largest Cava companies and their founding families? What % are they responsible for?
Freixenet - Ferrer Codorniu - Raventos 75% combined
39
When was Cava enacted into Spanish law? Who enforces?
1972 Began informally in 1960s Consejo Regulador del Cava
40
What are the four registers of the Consejo Regulador del Cava?
Growers Producers of base wine Storekeepers of base wines Cava producers
41
Cava laws in regards to bottling location?
Wine can be moved at each stage and documented within the proper register
42
What is Cevipe?
The primary co-op in Cava - 55 million kilos sold to producers
43
Export % of Cava, and to what top markets?
67% exported | Germany, Belgium, UK, USA
44
Total Cava production? Current trend?
250 million/year | currently plateau
45
What is the new Cava initiaive? When was it introduced, and what are the requirements?
``` Cava de Paraje Calificado - 2017 Single estate, produced by estate owner Min. 10yr old vines Cannot be acidified Min. 36 months aging Brut or lower ```
46
What is Corpinnat, and when was it founded?
``` A producer group using 100% organic grapes from Penedes - 2019 Hand-harvested Vinified at the estate 90% local varieties Three categories of aging ```
47
What is Classic Penedes, when was it founded, and who are key producers?
DO Penedes made with certified organic grapes Category founded in 2014 Min. 15 months on lees Key producers: Albet I Noya, Loxarel
48
What is the Rioja sparkling wine designation, and when was it implemented? Quality categories?
Espumoso de Calidad de Rioja - 2019 Crianza - 15 mo lees Reserva - 24 mo lees Gran Anada - 36 mo lees
49
Importance of Traditional method in Italy?
4% of sparkling production in Italy | 1/10th of Champagne production
50
Describe a typical Prosecco:
``` Light/med- intensity Apple/pear Light body Medium/med+ acidity Low/med alcohol Extra dry most typical Spumante or frizzante ```
51
Requirements of Superiore Prosecco?
No additional
52
Requirements of Prosecco?
Vintage - 85% must come from the vintage Wine must be sold in bottle No minimum aging
53
Requirement of Rive?
``` Rive + vineyard name on label Rive = slop/steep hill (43) Picked by hand Harvested at lower yield Vintage dated ```
54
What is Cartizze, and what are the DOCG requirements?
Historic single-vineyard in Valdobbiadene Lower yield Spumante only Fuller body
55
Export % of Prosecco, and main markets?
75% exported; tripled 2004-2014 40% DOCG exported UK, USA, Germany, Switzerland
56
What Prosecco law was added in 2019?
Brut Nature | Extra Brut
57
Production/growers in Prosecco?
Co-ops grow 50%+ Private companies bottle 75%+ 32 companies produce 90%+
58
How to obtain growth in Prosecco DOCG?
DOCG fully planted | Growth comes from higher quality/price
59
Define Asti Metodo Classico?
Min. 9 months on lees | Dolce
60
Who is responsible for the production of Moscato d'Asti?
60% produced by 4 companies, including Martini & Rossi | Smaller producers send their juice to a specialist for production under their own label
61
Three categories of Asti
Moscato d'Asti, Asti Secco, Asti (Dolce)
62
Export quantities and quantities made of Asti?
Moscato d'Asti - 30%; large market in USA | Asti - 70%; most sold in Europe
63
Lambrusco DOC production?
25-30% of spumante | Remainder IGT Emilia
64
Lambrusco DOC ABV laws?
Min. 11% Spumante, 10.5% Frizzante, 7% Dolce
65
Lambrusco Frizzante sweetness scale? Spumante?
Frizzante: Secco/Asciutto, abboccato, amabile Spumante: Same as other sparkling
66
% Export of Lambrusco?
67%
67
Grower/producer relationship in Lambrusco?
Co-ops common | Many small grower properties selling to large private wineries
68
History of Riunite?
``` Italy's largest wine company Created in 1950 - merger of 9 co-ops 1800 members Bought by Maschio in 2002, then GIV in 2008 50% export/Italy ```
69
3 main Franciacorta producers?
Guido Berlucchi Ca Del Bosco Bellavista Responsible for 1/3 of production
70
Export of Franciacorta?
10% exported
71
What is Giulio Ferrari's contribution to bubbles?
First traditional sparkling with Chardonnay in Italy in 1902
72
Producers in Trentodoc?
``` Four producers make up 95%, 3 are co-ops Ferrari by far the largest Rotari (Mezzacorona) Altemasi (Cavit) Cesarini Sforza (La Vis) 54 producers total ```
73
Trentodoc export?
20% export | Cavit exports 65%
74
What is Flaschengarung? Klassische Flaschengarung?
"Bottle Fermented" - can be transfer method | "Classic bottle fermentation" - second fermentation in bottle only
75
Main producers of Sekt and their contribution?
Rotkappchen-Mumm Henkell & Co Schloss Wachenheim 80% of production
76
Export of Sekt?
Just over 10%
77
What are the rules of VDP Sekt, and when have these changes occured?
``` 2018 - added into VDP Fruit must be grown on VDP estate; fruit must be picked early by hand, whole cluster, and traditional method 2020 - VDP Sekt regulations added NV - min 15mo lees Vintage - min 24mo lees Prestige - min 36mo lees ```
78
When did traditional method sparkling begin in England/Wales?
Late 1980s
79
Grapes in English PDO wines?
``` Chardonnay Pinot Noir Pinot Noir Precoce (early ripening PN mutation) Meunier Pinot Blanc Pinot Gris ```
80
Significant producers of English sparkling?
Nyetimber (planted 1988) | Wiston Estate
81
Export and plantings of English sparkling?
8% exported | 2019 doubled plantings from 2018
82
When can a US sparkling be called "Champagne"?
Brand established prior to 2006 | Must include geographic origin (California Champagne)
83
Trend for American Sparkling?
Decreasing, losing market share to exports (Prosecco)
84
Main producers of Chilean sparkling?
Valdivieso Vina Mar Undurraga
85
Trend of Chilean sparkling? Export?
Growing rapidly, especially domestically | 1/3 exported - Japan, Columbia, and Brazil
86
Trend of Argentinean sparkling? Export?
Boost after tax removal in 2005 | Almost all drunk domestically
87
What is Cap Classique?
Association of growers/producers in South Africa Founded in 1992 Responsible for 90%+ traditional method sparkling Working on two separate certified categories
88
Trend in South African sparkling? Exports?
Doubling every 5 years | Graham Beck exports 50%, most exports low
89
Trend in Australian sparkling? Exports?
Rise in Prosecco/Moscato/Pet Nat Fall in Shiraz Export demand is rising - 20% export
90
Describe Australian Prosecco and its legality?
Grown in King Valley Made in same tank method style Labeled Prosecco domestically, but Glera on exports First: Dal Zotto in 2004
91
Export of New Zealand sparkling?
0.5% of total export

D4 (3 decks)

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