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Comptia A+ Misc. > Windows Update > Flashcards

Windows Update Flashcards

1
Q

Windows Vista

A

Windows Vista was released in 2007 as a replacement to Windows XP. Windows Vista introduced the following features and updates:
• Windows Aero and enhanced visual appearance, including the Windows sidebar and gadgets
• Windows Media Center for playing and managing digital media
• User Account Control (UAC)
• Shadow Copy file backup (Business edition only)
• BitLocker drive encryption (Enterprise edition only)
• ReadyBoost and ReadyDrive
• Compatibility Mode
System Requirements
• 800 MHz processor
• 512 MB RAM
• 15 GB free disk space (20 GB for a 64-bit system)
• Super VGA graphics card
• CD-ROM drive (if installing from a CD)

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2
Q

Windows 7

A

Windows 7, which was released in 2009, was developed to address many of the problems found in Windows Vista. Windows 7 introduced the following features not found in previous versions:
• Enhanced Aero features, including:
o Snap (maximizes window when dragged to top of screen)
o Shake (hide/show all windows except for the window being “shaken”)
o Peek (reveals the desktop by making all windows transparent)
• Redesigned Taskbar with the ability to pin applications
• Libraries
• Improved backup and restore flexibility
• XP Mode (Professional, Ultimate, and Enterprise only)
System Requirements
• 1 GHz processor
• 1 GB RAM (2 GB for a 64-bit system)
• 16 GB free disk space (20 GB for a 64-bit system)
• 128 MB video memory with DirectX 9 support
• DVD-ROM drive (if installing from a DVD)

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3
Q

Windows 8/8.1

A

Windows 8 was released in 2012 and introduced major changes to the Windows OS. A year later, Windows 8.1 was offered as a free upgrade in order to fix several issues. Windows 8/8.1 introduced the following features:
• UEFI integration (including UEFI Secure Boot)
• Hybrid Boot mode
• USB 3.0 support
• Windows Metro UI, which is optimized for touchscreen devices
• Windows Store apps
• Charms and the charm toolbar, which provides access to system and app controls
• Start button removed (Windows 8)
• Start button reintroduced (Windows 8.1)
• Start Screen (replaced the traditional Start menu)
• OneDrive integration (Windows 8.1)
System Requirements
• 1 GHz processor with support for PAE, NX, and SSE2
• 1 GB RAM (2 GB for a 64-bit system)
• 16 GB free disk space (20 GB for a 64-bit system)
• DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM driver
• DVD-ROM drive (if installing from a DVD)

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4
Q

Windows 10

A

Windows 10 is the most recent version of the Windows OS and was released in 2015. Windows 10 was designed to address many of the shortcomings and issues customers had with Windows 8. Windows 10 was offered as a free upgrade to anyone using an older version of Windows 7 or 8. Windows 10 introduced the following features:
• Universal Windows Platform (UWP)
• Native Ubuntu Linux compatability
• Cortana, Microsoft’s “intelligent personal assistant” software
System Requirements
• 1 GHz processor with support for PAE, NX, and SSE2
• 1 GB RAM (2 GB for a 64-bit system)
• 16 GB free disk space (20 GB for a 64-bit system)
• DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM driver
• DVD-ROM drive (if installing from a DVD)

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5
Q

Installation Planning

A

After identifying the operating system version and edition you would like to use, the first step prior to purchase and installation of the operating system is to verify that the operating system is compatible with the hardware and software you will use.
• Check the hardware compatibility list (HCL) to verify that hardware is compatible with the operating system.
• Go to the hardware or software vendor’s website and check for operating system compatibility.
• Obtain the latest drivers for all hardware. Remember, 32-bit drivers must be used on older 32-bit operating systems while 64-bit drivers should be used with 64-bit operating systems.
• If you are installing a new version of Windows on an existing computer, run the Upgrade Advisor (if you’re upgrading to Windows 7) or the Upgrade Assistant (if you’re upgrading to Windows 8 or 10) to determine whether your system is compatible. These tools scan your system and verify that hardware is sufficient and compatible with the new operating system. They can also identify valid upgrade paths from your current operating system version.
• For upgrades on larger networks, you can use the Microsoft Assessment and Planning Toolkit (MAP) to automatically scan multiple computers and identify each computer’s compatibility for an upgrade to a newer version of Windows. MAP checks hardware compatibility, identifies the availability of updated device drivers, and recommends a migration path.

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6
Q

In-Place Upgrade

A

An in-place upgrade updates your current Windows installation to a newer version of Windows. All of your applications, user settings, and data are preserved, but the previous installation of Windows will no longer be available.

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7
Q

Clean(Custom) Install

A

A clean install adds a new installation of Windows, either on a new system or a system that currently has an operating system.
• Following installation, you will need to reinstall all applications and configure user settings.
• If desired, you can migrate user settings and data from an existing Windows system to the new installation. This can be done using two utilities:
o Use Windows Easy Transfer to transfer all user settings and data from the old installation to the new installation.
o Use the User State Migration Tool (USMT) when multiple systems need to be migrated at the same time on a large network.
• You can create a dual boot computer by keeping the existing installation of Windows. To do this, create a new partition on a storage device and install the new version of Windows into it. When complete, the end user can select which installation of Windows to load when the system boots.

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8
Q

Can you upgrade from a 32-bit OS to a 64-bit OS?

A

• You cannot upgrade from a 32-bit operating system to a 64-bit operating system (or vice versa). You must instead perform a clean installation and then migrate user profiles from the old system to the new one.

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9
Q

Can you upgrade from one edition to another?

A
  • You can upgrade from one edition to another as long as the new edition is “higher” than the previous edition (such as Windows 10 Home to Windows 10 Professional).
  • You cannot perform an in-place downgrade from one edition to another (such as from Professional to Home).
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10
Q

Dual Boot

A

A clean installation is required when setting-up a dual boot environment.

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11
Q

1G

A

Uses analog radio signals to provide analog voice transmission.

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12
Q

2G

A

Uses digital radio signals

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13
Q

3G

A

Provides services of capable effective connectivity to the interenet

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14
Q

4G

A

Uses LTE connections to provide faster transmission speeds

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15
Q

Bootable flash drive

A

Instead of installing from the installation disc, you can create a bootable USB flash drive and copy the installation files to that drive. Microsoft provides a utility called the Windows 7 USB/DVD Download Tool that can be used to automate the process.

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16
Q

Network installation

A

To perform a network installation, the Windows installation files must first be copied to a network location. Then the installation process is run remotely over a network connection. This allows multiple systems to be installed at the same time using the same installation files. To do this, you must first:
• Configure a Windows Deployment Services (WDS) server. This server contains the files needed to install Windows on remote computer systems over a network connection. WDS functions in conjunction with the Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) to load a miniature version of Windows on network hosts known as the Windows Preinstallation Environment (Windows PE). Windows PE is a minimal version of the Windows operating system. Its purpose is to get a basic system up and running such that the host can connect to the WDS server and install a full version of Windows.
• Boot the host computer where Windows is to be installed using a PXE boot. The computer will connect to the WDS server and boot into Windows PE. Once done, Windows can be installed locally from the WDS server.

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17
Q

Unattended

A

An unattended installation is a type of installation that requires no interaction from the user during the installation process. To do this, an XML file (called an answer file or response file) is pre-populated with all the answers to the standard Windows installation prompts. This file is named autounattend.xml and is copied to the root of the Windows installation media.
For this reason, it is typically easier to perform an unattended install from a USB flash drive instead of an optical disc.
During the installation, the answer file is used to respond to the prompts in the Windows installer. If you have included all of the necessary information in the answer file, the installation will proceed automatically without pausing for user input.

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18
Q

Disk imaging

A

With disk imaging, you install Windows on one computer and then copy that image to other computers. The imaging process is faster than installing Windows individually because all applications, configuration settings, and user accounts from the reference system are included in the imaging process. Imaging is an efficient way of installing Windows if you have a large number of computers that use the same hardware configuration. Be aware of the following facts when using disk imaging:
• All computers need to have the same hardware abstraction layer (HAL), ACPI support, and mass storage drivers.
• Computers can have different peripheral hardware, because plug-and-play will detect peripheral hardware.
• Your Windows licensing agreement must allow multiple installations using the same product key.
• Computers must be manually renamed after imaging. Otherwise you will experience duplicate computer name errors.

19
Q

Repair installation

A

You can perform a repair installation to fix a currently installed Windows implementation. A Repair Installation will restore corrupt or missing DLLs, fix registry problems, and fix startup files while preserving user accounts, data, applications, and installed drivers.
To perform a repair installation, do the following:
1. Insert your Windows installation media.
2. Run the Setup.exe file on the installation media.
3. Elevate privileges when prompted by UAC.
4. Accept the license agreement.
5. Specify how the repair installation should occur. You can select from the following options:
o Keep personal files, apps, and Windows settings
o Keep personal files only
o Nothing
6. Wait while Windows is reinstalled.

20
Q

Storage Considerations for OS

A

Internal Hard Disk Drive
External Hard Disk Drive
Hot-swappable internla hard drive(require special MOBO, therefore, more expensive
Internal SSD
Eternal Flash Drive(Portable)
Internal/External RAID array(Ample storage space and can provide data redundancy. More expensive)

21
Q

Network Install

A

Set BIOS/UEFI to boot from network environment.
PXE Boot, system connects to a remote Windows installation server and starts loading the OS.(Allows for mass OS installation)

22
Q

DIsk Imaging

A

Allows for mass OS installation. One reference system shares its OS to the Imaged systems. Disk duplication process allows for OS to be copied from Hard Drive to Hard Drive.

23
Q

Windows 2 Go

A

Boots OS from external USB drive

24
Q

Post OS Installation

A 
Set the Boot Order
Configure Windows Update
Install Antimalware software
Update Drivers
Activate Windows
Install Applications that will be used
Document Everything
25
Q

Windows Easy Transfer(WeT)

A

Allows for easy transfer of information from system to system. (Peer-to-peer and only in Win.7/8/8.1)

26
Q

USMT

A

Command line migrating tool. Mass migration.

27
Q

scanstate

A

Backs up data, User profile, files to whatever device is specified.

28
Q

Loadstate

A

Restores data, user profile, files, to whatever device is specified.

29
Q

Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)

A

IaaS delivers infrastructure to the client, such as processing, storage, networks, and virtualized environments. The client deploys and runs software without purchasing servers, data center space, or network equipment.

30
Q

Platform as a Service(PaaS)

A

PaaS delivers everything a developer needs to build an application. The deployment comes without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers.

31
Q

Software as a Service (SaaS)

A

SaaS delivers software applications to the client either over the Internet or on a local area network. SaaS can be:
A simple multi-tenancy implementation in which customers have their own resources that are segregated from other customers.
A fine grain multi-tenancy implementation in which resources are shared, but data is segregated from other customers.

32
Q

How does cloud computing reduce the risk of security breach?

A

Authenticate all users who access the service and allow users to access only the applications and data that they need.
Segregate each organization’s centrally stored data.
Verify, test, and apply updates to the infrastructure.
Establish a formal process for all facets of the service, from user requests to major data breaches and catastrophic events.
Implement security monitoring of things like usage and unusual behavior.
Implement encryption up to the point of use, such as the client’s web browser.
Probe for security holes with a third-party service provider.
Comply with all regulatory measures, like the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

33
Q

What do snapshots of a virtual machine do?

A

Snapshots contain the current state of the virtual machine, including the contents of disk file, system RAM, and CPU registers’. Using the snapshot file, the virtual machine can be rolled back to a prior state in time.

34
Q

FAT 32

A

Allows for long file names, up to 255 characters with space included. Only has the following attributes: Read, Hide, System, and archieve

35
Q

NTFS

A

Unicode supported allows 255 characters except /.

36
Q

Batch Files

A

File that has commands on how to execute a program.

.bat

37
Q

System Files

A

Crucial file for the computer to operate.
.dll (dynamic link library)
.drv (device driver)
.vxd (virtual device driver)

38
Q

Windows Installer Files

A

.msi

39
Q

Attribute: Read Only

A

File can only be viewed and can’t be altered by subsequent viewers

40
Q

Attribute: Hidden

A

Hides a file within a file system so that it cannot be viewed or accessed by users that don’t have access to its specific file name

41
Q

Attribute: System

A

Identifies a file as a system file that cannot be deleted

42
Q

Attribute: Archieve

A

Identifies if a file has been backed up since it was last modified

43
Q

Permissions(NTFS Only)

A

Only available for files on a partition formatted as NTFS

Each file has an access control list(ACL) that identifies users and groups and the actions they can perform on the file

Comptia A+ Misc. (4 decks)

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