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Spring 2014 > Windows Server Administration > Flashcards

Windows Server Administration Flashcards

0
Q

The four basic editions of Windows Server 2008:

A
  • Windows Web Server 2008. For Internet or intranet servers. Connor be an AD domain controller. Cannot run client/server apps that are not web based.
  • Windows Server 2008 Standard. Only lacks some high-end components like server clustering and AD FS. Limited to computers with up to 4 GB of RAM (for x86) and up to four processors.
  • Windows Server 2008 Enterprise. The full set of features. Supports computers with up to 8 processors and up to 64 GB of RAM (for x86) and up to 4 virtual images with Hyper-V (for 64-bit version) and an unlimited number of network connections (Terminal Services Gateway connections).
  • Windows Server 2008 Datacenter. Only available from OEMs bundled with a server. Designed for large and powerful server with up to 64 processors and fault tolerance features such as hot add processor support.
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1
Q

Factors for choosing the OS edition for your servers:

A
  • the hardware in the computers
  • the features and capabilities you need
  • the price of the OS
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2
Q

Hyper-V is only available on what version of Server Core?

A

x64 versions.

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3
Q

Roles available in Server Core installation:

A
  • Active Directory Domain Services
  • Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services
  • DHCP Server
  • DNS Server
  • File Services
  • Print Services
  • Web Server (IIS)
  • Streaming Media Services
  • Hyper-V
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4
Q

Roles NOT available in Server Core installation:

A
  • Active Directory Certificate Services
  • Active Directory Federation Services
  • Active Directory Rights Management Services
  • Network Policy and Access Services
  • Windows Deployment Services
  • Application Server
  • Fax Server
  • Terminal Services
  • UDDI Services

(Not intended as a platform to run server applications, only for running mission-critical server roles.)

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5
Q

Two ways to work with a Server Core computer:

A

Command line or remotely with the MMCs on other computers.

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6
Q

Graphical applications available on Server Core:

A
  • Notepad
  • Registry Editior
  • Task Manager
  • Some Control Panel elements like Date and Time and Regional and Language Options
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7
Q

Preboot execution environment (PXE)

A

A network adapter feature that enables a computer to connect to a server on the network and download the boot files it needs to run, rather than booting from a local hard drive. Uses Windows PE.

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8
Q

Windows Deployment Services (WDS)

A

A role included with Windows Server 2008, which enables you to perform unattended installations of Windows Server 2008 and other operating systems on remote computers, using network-based boot and installation media. The client computer must have a network adapter that supports PXE. Uses .wim file-based images files.

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9
Q

Microsoft Assessment and Planning Solution Accelerator (MAP)

A

A free tool that can perform hardware inventories on computers (servers or workstations) with no agent software required on the client side (evaluates all the computers on the network of the computer it is installed on). MAP can then evaluate the hardware information and create reports that perform a variety of preinstallation tasks. Need to have Office and SQL Server installed, and requires a new database instance for its exclusive use.

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10
Q

WDS includes the two following role services:

A
  • Deployment Server
    Full install of WDS, requires Transport Server. For full remote OS installs.
  • Transport Server
    Only the core of WDS, to create namespaces that enable you to transmit image files using multicast addresses.
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11
Q

Prerequisites for WDS:

A
  • Active Directory
  • DHCP
  • DNS
  • NTFS drive
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12
Q

Windows PE

A

Windows Preinstallation Environment.

A subset of Windows Server 2008 that provides basic access to the computer’s network and disk drives, making it possible to perform an in-place or a network installation. This eliminates DOS from the installation process by supplying its own preinstallation environment.

A stripped-down, command-line version of the OS from which you can perform a full OS install. Unlike earlier DOS boot environments, it provides full internal support for 32- or 64-bit device drivers, TCP/IP networking, NTFS drives, and various scripting languages.

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13
Q

Single instance storage

A

A Windows technology that enables a .wim file to maintain a single copy of a particular OS file and yet use it in multiple OS images. This eliminates the need to store multiple copies of the same file.

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14
Q

WDS requires two types of image files to perform remote client installations:

A
  • Boot image. Contains the files needed to boot the computer and initiate an OS installation. boot.wim
  • Install image. Contains the OS the WDS will install on the client computer. install.wim
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16
Q

Image group

A

A collection of images that use a single set of files and the same security settings. Using an image group, you can apply updates and service packs to all of the files in the group in one process.

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17
Q

Discover image

A

Can be used to deploy an OS to a computer that is not PXE-enabled. Must burn the discover image to a medium and boot the computer from it - it loads PE, connects to the WDS server, and install the OS.

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18
Q

When DHCP is not installed on the same computer as WDS (a custom DHCP option):

A
  • Clear the “Do not listen on port 67” and Configure DHCP Client Option 60 to PXEClient” checkboxes in the WDS configuration wizard
  • Manually configure the external DHCP to include the custom option that provides WDS clients with the name of the WDS server. (only affects network boots)
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19
Q

Boot image files are downloaded using:

A

Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)

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20
Q

Capture boot image

A

An image that you boot from that captures an image of the computer for uploading to the WDS server.

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21
Q

Sysprep.exe

A

Prepares a computer before capturing an image of it (generalizes it). Included with Windows Server 2008.

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22
Q

Answer file/unattend file

A

A text or XML file containing responses to the user prompts that typically appear during a Windows OS installation.

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23
Q

To create answer files:

A

Use the Windows System Image Manager (Windows SIM) tool in the Windows AIK.

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24
Q

To install an OS on a client using WDS with no interactivity, you must have 2 answer files:

A
  • WDS client answer file - to automate the WDS client procedure
  • OS answer file - to automate the standard OS installation
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25
Q

Windows AIK

A

Windows Automated Installation Kit.
A set of tools and documents that enable network administrators to plan, create, and deploy OS image files to new computers on the network. Not included with Windows Server 2008 but is a free download.

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26
Q

The primary tools included in the Windows AIK:

A
  • ImageX.exe
  • Windows PE
  • Windows RE
  • Windows SIM
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27
Q

ImageX.exe

A

A command line program that can capture, transfer, modify, and deploy file-based images from the Windows PE environment. Used to create a Windows PE disk image.

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28
Q

Windows RE

A

Windows Recovery Environment.

A command line OS, similar to Windows PE, in which you can run diagnostic and recovery tools.

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29
Q

Windows SIM

A

Windows System Image Manager.
A graphical utility that creates and modifies the answer files you can use to perform unattended OS installations on remote computers.

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30
Q

MDT

A

Microsoft Deployment Toolkit.
A free set of scripts, tools, and documentation that can help administrators to plan and perform large-scale deployments of OSs and applications to new and existing computers on an enterprise network. For upgrading or migrating rather than clean installs.

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31
Q

Technician computer

A

In Windows AIK, the computer on which you install Windows AIK, create answer files, and manage the image deployment process.

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32
Q

Master computer

A

In Windows AIK, a fully installed and configured computer that serves as a model from which you will create answer files and images.

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33
Q

Catalog file

A

A binary file with a .clg extension that contains all of the settings for an image file and their values.

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34
Q

Valid anser file names:

A

• Uattend.xml

• Autounattend.xml
Applies the settings in the file during PE, before it copies files to the hard disk. So, use this one if you are doing any disk actions, like partitioning.

35
Q

Configuration pass: windowsPE

A
  • Options used during the Windows PE phase: PE screen res and the location of the installation log file
  • Windows Setup options: selecting, partitioning, and formatting the system disk, name and location of the image file, product key, admin password
36
Q

Configuration pass: offlineServicing

A

Applies unattended installation settings to an offline image, as well as enables you to add updates, hotfixes, language packs, and drivers to the image file.

37
Q

Configuration pass: specialize

A

Computer-specific information: network configuration, international settings, domain name.

Runs after the generalize pass and system reboot / runs only when you execute the sysprep /generalize command.

38
Q

Configuration pass: generalize

A

Specifies the settings that will persist after you run Sysprep.exe with the /generalize parameter. Running this causes all machine-specific settings to be removed from the computer configuration, like the SID and hardware settings, so you can create an image file.

Runs only when you execute the sysprep /generalize command.

39
Q

Configuration pass: auditSystem

A

Applies unattended setup settings when the computer is running in the system context of an audit mode startup, before a user has logged on. Only runs when you configure it to start up in audit mode. This phase is an additional installation phase that occurs with a separate system startup after the OS installation and before Windows Welcome. OEMs and system builders typically use audit mode to install additional device drivers, applications, and other updates.

40
Q

Configuration pass: auditUser

A

Applies unattended startup settings when the computer is running in the user context of an audit mode startup, after a user has logged on. Typically used to run scripts, applications, and other updates.

41
Q

Configuration pass: oobeSystem

A

Applies settings during the first system boot after the Windows installation or the audit mode phase, also known as the Out-Of-Box-Experience (OOBE) or Windows Welcome. Runs only when you start the computer in OOBE mode.

42
Q

MAP can run on the 32-bit versions of the following operating systems:

A
  • Windows Vista
  • Windows XP Pro with Service Pack 2
  • Windows Server 2003 R2
43
Q

Infrastructure server

A

A computer that provides services that support the primary functions of a network, working behind the scenes to facilitate user access to the computers that provide servers to them. Infrastructure servers are the ones that provide service to network administrators (not users). DHCP, DNS, etc.

44
Q

DHCP

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
A service that automatically configures the IP address and other TCP/IP settings on network computers by assigning addresses from a pool (scope) and reclaiming them when they are no longer in use. An extension of BOOTP.

45
Q

The three components of DHCP:

A
  • A DHCP server application, which responds to client requests for TCP/IP configuration settings
  • A DHCP client, which issues requests to a server and applies the TCP/IP configuration settings it receives to the local computer
  • A DHCP communications protocol, which defines the formats and sequences of the messages exchanged by DHCP clients and servers
46
Q

The DHCP standards define 3 different IP address allocations:

A
  • Dynamic allocation - only to clients. The client is assigned an IP address for a specified length of time, and then it must renew it or the address goes back into the scope. (this is the default, at 6 days)
  • Automatic allocation - The DHCP server permanently assigns an IP address. Reduces network traffic. An indefinite lease; good for networks where you do not often move computers to different subnets.
  • Manual allocation - The DHCP server permanently assigns a specific IP address to a specific computer on the network (reservations). This is for computers that must have the same IP address all the time.
47
Q

BOOTP

A

Designed to enable diskless workstations to retrieve an IP address and other TCP/IP configuration settings from network server. An admin had to manually enter the configuration parameters for each workstation on the server.

48
Q

DHCPDISCOVER

A

Used by clients to request configuration parameters from a DHCP server

49
Q

DHCPOFFER

A

Used by servers to offer IP addresses to requesting clients

50
Q

DHCPREQUEST

A

Used by clients to accept or renew an IP address assignment

51
Q

DHCPDECLINE

A

Used by clients to reject an offered IP address.

52
Q

DHCPACK

A

Used by servers to acknowledge a client’s acceptance of an offered IP address

53
Q

DHCPNAK

A

Used by servers to reject a client’s acceptance of an offered IP address

54
Q

DHCPRELEASE

A

Used by clients to terminate an IP address lease

55
Q

DHCPINFORM

A

Used by clients to obtain additional TCP/IP configuration parameters from a server.

56
Q

DHCP communications are always initiated by:

A

The client.

57
Q

DHCP IP address assignment process:

A

1) Client broadcasts DHCPDISCOVER
2) Any receiving servers reply with DHCPOFFER
3) Client broadcasts DHCPREQUEST with the info of the IP it wants to accept
4) Server receives it and adds it to its database.
5) Server transmits DHCPACK to acknowledge acceptance and completion of the exchange (if it assigned it to someone else, it sends a DHCPNAK and everything starts again)
6) Client broadcasts the IP using ARP to ensure no other system is using the IP address. If someone else is, it sends out a DHCPDECLINE to the server and starts again.

58
Q

APIPA

A

Automatic Private IP Addressing.

Used when there is no DHCP server available. Only works for computers on the same subnet.

59
Q

DHCP IP address renewal process:

A

1) At 50% of the lease (renewal time or T1), the client sends unicast DHCPREQUEST messages to the DHCP server holding the lease.
2) At 87.5% of the lease (rebinding time or T2), the client sends broadcast DHCPREQUEST messages to try to get an IP address from any DHCP server.
3) The original server can respond with a DHCPACK to approve the renewal or a DHCPNAK to terminate the lease.

60
Q

T/F: Routers propagate broadcast messages to other networks.

A

False

61
Q

Distributed DHCP infrastructure

A

When you install at least one DHCP server on each of your subnets so that all of your clients have access to a local DHCP server.

Especially good to add to existing servers on each subnet since the traffic will be lighter.

62
Q

Centralized DHCP infrastructure

A

All the DHCP servers are placed in a single location, and each subnet has a DHCP relay agent. Many routers have a built-in DHCP relay option, or you can use the Network Policy and Access Services Role.

63
Q

DHCP relay agent

A

A software component that receives the DHCP broadcast traffic on a subnet and then sends it on to particular DHCP servers on one or more other networks. Disabled by default.

Basically the same as the original BOOTP really agent.

64
Q

Hybrid DHCP infrastructure

A

One that uses multiple DHCP servers on different subnets, but does not necessarily require a DHCP server on every subnet. Some subnets have relay agents instead of DHCP servers.

(Ex: each LAN has a few DHCP servers and the rest of the subnets have relay agents, freeing up the WAN links)

65
Q

The default lease interval for a Windows Server 2008 DHCP server is:

A

6 days (so renewal happens every 3 days)

Only increase the lease interval if you have plenty of unused addresses and if the computers don’t move around much.

66
Q

Three techniques for providing fault tolerance to DHCP servers:

A
  • Splitting scopes
  • Failover clustering
  • Using standby servers
67
Q

Splitting scopes

A

The most common method of providing DHCP fault tolerance. You create identical scopes on two DHCP servers, then give them opposite exclusion ranges. The most common ratio for scope splitting is 80/20 (the 80/20 rule). The 80% server is on the subnet it is servicing, while the 20% server is accessed through a relay agent (the 80% server will be reached first, unless it is too busy). A delay could be configured into the relay agent if desired.

Also, one server could be the 80% for 2 scopes and the 20% for two other scopes, and have them both reached by relay agent with delays.

68
Q

Failover clustering

A

The DHCP service is replicated on two or more computers that use the same storage medium (like an iSCSI or Fibre Channel storage). The DHCP server on one of the servers is active and the rest are dormant until the active one fails and one of the others need to take over.

Usually overkill for DHCP servers.

69
Q

Standby server

A

A computer with the DHCP Server role installed and configured, but not activated. An admin manually activates it if one of the DHCP servers fail. This is inexpensive because the standby servers can be fulfilling other roles in the meantime, but it is not automatic like failover clustering.

70
Q

When you have two identical DHCP scopes on different servers, you must configure the servers to use:

A

Server-side address conflict detection by specifying a value for the Conflict Detection Attempts setting on the Advanced tab in the IPv4 Properties sheet.

71
Q

In a DHCP configuration, a manually allocated address is called a:

A

Reservation. It is associated with the computer’s MAC address.

Using DHCP reservations to assign permanent addresses ensures that another admin won’t reserve the same address - all the addresses are managed by DHCP.

72
Q

IPv6 unicast addresses assigned to registered computers are split into six variable-length sections:

A
  • Format prefix: the type of address (provider-based unicast, multicast, anycast)
  • Registry ID: identifies the Internet address registry assigned to the Provider ID.
  • Provider ID: Identifies the ISP that assigned this portion of the address space to a particular subscriber.
  • Subscriber ID: Identifies a particular subscriber to the service provided by the ISP specified in the Provider ID field
  • Subnet ID: Identifies all or part of a specific physical link on the subscriber’s network.
  • Interface ID: Identifies a particular network interface on the subnet specified in the Subnet ID field.
73
Q

Enable DHCPv6 stateless mode for this server:

A

IPv6 clients do not obtain addresses from the DHCP server, but they can obtain other TCP/IP configuration settings from the server.

74
Q

Disable DHCPv6 stateless mode for this server:

A

IPv6 clients obtain addresses, as well as other TCP/IP configuration settings from the DHCP server.

75
Q

DHCP relay agent hop-count threshold

A

Specifies the max number of relay agents the DHCP messages can pass through before being discarded. The default is four and the max is 16.

76
Q

DHCP relay agent boot threshold

A

Specifies the time interval (in seconds) that the relay agent should wait before forwarding each DHCP message it receives. The default is 4. This enables you to control which DHCP server processes the clients for a particular subnet.

77
Q

Host table

A

A list of names and their equivalent IP addresses, used in early TCP/IP addressing (before DNS).

78
Q

Name resolution

A

Converting host names into IP addresses.

79
Q

DNS consists of three elements:

A
  • The DNS name space
  • Name servers
  • Resolvers
80
Q

The DNS name space

A

A tree-structured namespace in which each branch of the tree identifies a domain. Each domain contains a collection of resource records that contain host names, IP addresses, and other information. Query operations are attempts to retrieve specific resource records from a particular domain.

81
Q

DNS name servers

A

A DNS server is an application running on a server computer that maintains information about the domain tree structure and (usually) contains authoritative information about one or more specific domains in that structure. The application is capable of responding to queries for information about the domains for which it is the authority, and also of forwarding queries for information about other domains to other name servers. This enables any DNS server to access information about any domain in the tree.

82
Q

DNS resolver

A

A client program that generates DNS queries and sends them to a DNS server for fulfillment. A resolver has direct access to at least one DNS server and can also process referrals to direct its queries to other servers when necessary.

83
Q

Domain vs DNS domain:

A

Domain: a grouping of Windows computers and devices that are administered as a unit.

DNS domain: a group of hosts and possibly subdomains that represents a part of the DNS namespace.

Spring 2014 (6 decks)

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