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Spring 2014 > Cisco Networking Fundamentals > Flashcards

Cisco Networking Fundamentals Flashcards

0
Q

Intermediary devices / network devices

A

Devices used to transport data across the network.

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1
Q

Home routers are 4 devices in one:

A
  • router
  • switch
  • wireless access point
  • firewall
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2
Q

Cisco IOS

A

The Cisco Internetwork Operating System. A generic term for the collection of network operation systems used on Cisco networking devices. Cisco IOS is used for most Cisco devices.

Stored in a semi-permanent memory area called flash.

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3
Q

The kernel

A

The portion of the OS code that interacts directly with the computer hardware.

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4
Q

The shell

A

The portion of the OS that interfaces with the applications and the user. The kernel is between the shell and the hardware.

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5
Q

Major functions performed or enabled by Cisco routers:

A
  • network security
  • IP addressing of virtual and physical interfaces
  • enabling network-specific configurations to optimize connectivity of their respective media
  • routing
  • enabling QoS
  • network management
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6
Q

3 most common methods for accessing the CLI environment:

A
  • console (cable)
  • Telnet or SSH
  • AUX port
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7
Q

Cisco IOS modes hierarchical structure:

Same for router or switch

A
  • User executive mode - Router>
    View-only mode
  • Privileged executive mode - Router#
  • Global configuration mode - Router(config)#
    Affects the whole device
  • other specific configuration modes
    Like for a specific interface/engine/line
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8
Q

User EXEC mode

A

Allows a limited number of monitoring commands. View-only mode. Does not allows any commands that might change the device. Will need to set up a password.

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9
Q

Privileged EXEC mode

A

Allows configuration and management commands. Will need to set up a password. Must be here to access global configuration and all other modes.

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10
Q

Global configuration mode

A

The primary configuration mode. Must be here to get to the specific configuration modes.

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11
Q

CLI command to go from privileged EXEC to global configuration:

A

Switch# configure terminal

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12
Q

Interface mode

A specific configuration mode

A

To configure one of the network interfaces. (Fa0/0, S0/0/0)

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13
Q

Line mode

A specific configuration mode

A

To configure one of the physical or virtual lines (console, AUX, VTY)

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14
Q

To leave configuration mode completely and return to privileged EXEC:

A

end

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15
Q

To go from user exec to privileged exec:

A

enable

disable goes back to user exec

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16
Q

Entering “exit” in privileged exec:

A

Ends the console session.

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17
Q

CLI hot key: Ctrl-A

A

Moves to the beginning of the line.

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18
Q

CLI hot key: Ctrl-E

A

Moves to the end of the line.

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19
Q

CLI hot key: Ctrl-R

A

Redisplays a line.

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20
Q

CLI hot key: Ctrl-Z

A

Exits the configuration mode and goes back to privileged exec.

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21
Q

CLI hot key: Ctrl-C

A

Exits the configuration mode or aborts the current command. Cancels the current command and returns to privileged exec mode.

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22
Q

show interface

A

Displays statistics for all interfaces on the device. Add the slot/port number to see the stats for that particular one.

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23
Q

show startup-config

A

Displays the saved configuration located in NVRAM.

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24
Q

show running-config

A

Displays the contents of the currently running configuration file.

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25
Q

show version

A

Displays information about the currently loaded IOS version, along with hardware and device information.

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26
Q

IOS hostname

A

The name of the switch or router. Case sensitive. Must be in global configuration mode.

  • start with a letter
  • no spaces
  • end with a letter or digit
  • only letters, digits, and dashes
  • less than 64 characters

Type: hostname whateverhostname

no hostname would remove the name of the device

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27
Q

enable password

A

Limits access to the privileged exec mode

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28
Q

enable secret

A

Encrypted, limits access to the privileged exec mode

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29
Q

console password

A

Limits devices access using the console connection. Must go into line configuration mode to set this password.

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30
Q

VTY password

A

Limits device access over Telnet. Must be in line configuration mode for that line to configure its password.

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31
Q

line console 0

A

Enters line configuration mode. Must be in global configuration mode first. The zero is the first (and usually only) console interface.

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32
Q

login

A

Use after setting a password so that it will ask for that password at login of that mode.

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33
Q

service-password-encryption

A

Prevents passwords from showing up as plaintext text when viewing the configuration files. Applies only to passwords in the configuration file, not as they are sent over the media.

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34
Q

banner motd

A

Message of the day banner. Follow this command with a space, a delimiting character, the message, another space, and then the delimiting character again.

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35
Q

copy running-config startup-config

A

Saves the running configuration file updates to the startup configuration file.

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36
Q

reload

In privileged exec

A

Restarts the device

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37
Q

Commands that will return the device to the default factory state:

A

erase startup-config

delete vlan.dat

(Must be in privileged exec)

Then reload the device and it will load the default startup configuration.

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38
Q

SVI

A

Switch virtual interface. Provides a means to remotely manage a switch over a network using IPv4. Each switch comes with one SVI in the default configuration: interface VLAN1.

39
Q

interface vlan 1

A

Enters the interface configuration mode from the global configuration mode.

ip address whateveripaddressandsubnetmask sets the IP address and subnet mask. Must then run no shutdown to activate the interface.

40
Q

show ip interface brief

A

Is like ipconfig for switches and routers. Verifies the interfaces of intermediary devices, showing IP addresses, state of each interface, etc.

41
Q

CLI hot key: Ctrl-Shift-6

A

Allows the user to interrupt an IOS process such as ping or tracert.

42
Q

Out-of-band access

A

Access via a dedicated management channel that is used for device maintenance purposes only.

43
Q

Console port access

A

Using a console cable to plug directly in. Out-of-band access. By default, conveys the startup, debugging, and error messages.

44
Q

Context-sensitive help

A

Provides a list of commands and the arguments associated with those commands within he context of the current mode. So, shows the commands available, and also shows which options, keywords, or arguments are matched with a specific command.

45
Q

Encapsulation

A

The process of placing one message format inside another message format (like a letter in an envelope).

46
Q

Segmenting

A

Breaking the message up into individual pieces that meet both the maximum and minimum requirements. Each segment is encapsulated in a separate frame.

47
Q

Access method

A

Determines when someone is able to send a message. Let’s the computer know when to send a message and what to do about errors.

48
Q

Flow control

A

Negotiates the timing for successful communication. The sending host can transmit faster than the destination can receive and process.

49
Q

Response timeout

A

Rules that specify how long to wait for responses and what action to take if a response timeout occurs.

50
Q

Unicast

A

One-to-one delivery option; a single destination for the message.

51
Q

Multicast

A

One-to-many delivery option. The delivery of the same message to a group of host destinations simultaneously.

52
Q

Broadcast

A

One-to-all delivery option. For when all the hosts on a network need to receive the message at the same time.

53
Q

Protocol suite

A

A group of inter-related protocols necessary to perform a communication function.

54
Q

Protocol stack

A

Shows how the individual protocols within a suite are implemented. The lower layers are conceded with moving data over the network and providing services to the upper layers, which are focused in the content of the message being sent.

56
Q

HTTP

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Governs the way a web server and a web client interact. HTTP defines the content and formatting of the requests and responses that are exchanged between the client and server. Both the client and the web server software implement HTTP as part of the application. HTTP relies on other protocols to govern how the messages are transported between the client and server.

Set of rules for exchanging text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files on the World Wide Web

A TCP/IP Application Layer protocol.

57
Q

TCP

A

Transmission Control Protocol. Manages the individual conversations between web servers and web clients. TCP divides the HTTP messages into smaller pieces, called segments. These segments are sent between the web server and client processes running at the destination host. TCP is also responsible for controlling the size and rate at which messages are exchanged between the server and the client.

Enables reliable communication between processes running on separate hosts. Reliable, acknowledged transmissions that confirm successful delivery (as opposed to UDP).

A TCP/IP Transport Layer protocol.

58
Q

IP

A

Internet Protocol. Responsible for taking the formatted segments from TCP, encapsulating them into packets, assigning them the appropriate addresses, and delivering them across the best path to the destination host.

A TCP/IP Internet Layer protocol.

59
Q

TCP/IP model

or the Internet model

A

Application
Transport
Internet
Network Access

Defines the four categories of functions that must occur for communications to be successful.

60
Q

DNS

A

Domain Name System/Service. Translates domain names into IP addresses.

TCP/IP Application Layer protocol

61
Q

BOOTP

A

Bootstrap Protocol. Enables a diskless workstation to discover its own IP address, the IP address of a BOOTP server on the network, and a file to be loaded into memory to boot the machine. Now superseded by DHCP.

TCP/IP Application Layer protocol

62
Q

DHCP

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Dynamically assigns IP addresses to client stations at start-up and allows the addresses to be re-used when no longer needed.

TCP/IP Application Layer protocol

63
Q

SMTP

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. Enables clients to send email to a mail server and enables servers to send email to other servers.

TCP/IP Application Layer protocol

64
Q

POP3

A

Post Office Protocol version 3. Enables clients to retrieve email from a mail server and downloads email from the mail server to the desktop.

TCP/IP Application Layer protocol

65
Q

IMAP

A

Internet Message Access Protocol. Enables clients to access email stored on a mail server and maintains email on the server.

TCP/IP Application Layer protocol

66
Q

FTP

A

File Transfer Protocol. Sets rules that enable a user on one host to access and transfer files to and from another host over a network. A reliable, connection-oriented, and acknowledged file delivery protocol.

TCP/IP Application Layer protocol

67
Q

TFTP

A

Trivial File Transfer Protocol. A simple, connectionless file transfer protocol. A best-effort, unacknowledged file delivery protocol. Utilizes less overhead than FTP.

TCP/IP Application Layer protocol

68
Q

UDP

A

User Datagram Protocol. Enables a process running on one host to send packets to a process running on another host. Does not confirm successful datagram transmission.

TCP/IP Transport Layer protocol

69
Q

NAT

A

Network Address Translation. Translates IP addresses from a private network into globally unique public IP addresses.

TCP/IP Internet Layer protocol

70
Q

ICMP

A

Internet Control Message Protocol. Provides feedback from a destination host to a source host about errors in packet delivery.

TCP/IP Internet Layer protocol

71
Q

OSPF

A

Open Shortest Path First. Link-state routing protocol. Hierarchical design based on areas. Open standard interior routing protocol.

TCP/IP Internet Layer protocol

72
Q

EIGRP

A

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. Cisco proprietary routing protocol. Uses composite metric based on bandwidth, delay, load and reliability.

TCP/IP Internet Layer protocol

73
Q

ARP

A

Adress Resolution Protocol. Provides dynamic address mapping between an IP address and a hardware address.

Used by a sending host to discover the MAC address of any host on the same local network.

TCP/IP Network Access Layer protocol

74
Q

PPP

A

Point-to-Point Protocol. Provides a means of encapsulating packets for transmission over a serial link.

TCP/IP Network Access Layer protocol

75
Q

Ethernet

A

802.3 Defines the rules for wiring and signaling standards of the network access layer.

TCP/IP Network Access protocol.

76
Q

Interface Drivers

A

Provides instruction to a machine for the control of a specific interface on a network device

TCP/IP Network Access Layer protocol

77
Q

IP packet

A

When the data has been given its IP addressing information/header.

78
Q

Data link frame

A

When the IP packet has been given its Ethernet information on both ends.

79
Q

Wireless LAN

A

802.11

80
Q

OSI Model

A 
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
81
Q

OSI Layer 1

A

Physical.
The physical layer protocols describe the mechanical, electrical, functional, and procedural means to activate, maintain, and de-activate physical-connections for bit transmission to and from a network device.

82
Q

OSI Layer 2

A

Data link.
The data link layer protocols describe methods for exchanging data frames between devices over a common media.

A Layer 2 physical address is used to deliver the data link frame from one network interface to another network interface on the same network. The data must be able to travel the physical medium before it can go across the network.

83
Q

OSI Layer 3

A

Network.
The network layer provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network between identified end devices. Provides a path or route.

A Layer 3 IP address has two parts, the network prefix and the host part. The network prefix is used by routers to forward the packet to the proper network. The host part is used by the last router in the path to deliver the packet to the destination device.

84
Q

OSI Layer 4

A

Transport.
The transport layer defines services to segment, transfer, and reassemble the data for individual communications between the end devices.

85
Q

OSI Layer 5

A

Session.

The session layer provides services to the presentation layer to organize its dialogue and to manage data exchange.

86
Q

OSI Layer 6

A

Presentation.

The presentation layer provides for common representation of the data transferred between application layer services.

87
Q

OSI Layer 7

A

Application.
The application layer provides the means for end-to-end connectivity between individuals in the human network using data networks.

88
Q

TCP/IP Application Layer

A

Represents data to the user, plus encoding and dialog control. Organizes dialog - manages data exchange.

89
Q

TCP/IP Transport Layer

A

Supports communication between diverse devices across diverse networks. Segments, transfers, and reassembles data.

90
Q

TCP/IP Internet Layer

A

Determines the best path through the network.

91
Q

TCP/IP Network Access Layer

A

Controls the hardware devices and media that make up the network. Exchanges frames between devices.

92
Q

Segmentation

A

Breaking the message into smaller pieces for transmission. Allows different transmissions to be interleaved, taking turns sending their pieces (called multiplexing). Also increases reliability.

93
Q

The encapsulation process / Data encapsulation

A

The process of adding various protocols and information to application data as it is passed down the protocol stack to be transmitted across the network media.

The process that adds additional protocol header information to the data before transmission.

94
Q

PDUs

A

Protocol Data Unit. The form that a piece of data takes at any layer during encapsulation.

  • Data - The general term for the PDU used at the application layer
  • Segment - Transport layer PDU
  • Packet - Network layer PUD
  • Frame - Data link layer PDU
  • Bits - A Physical layer PDU used when physically transmitting data over the medium
95
Q

Default gateway

A

The IP address of an interface on a router on the same network as the sending host.

Spring 2014 (6 decks)

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