Window Wall

Question 1

comprises one of the element of facade technology in high rise building

Answer 1

Curtain wall system

Question 2

involves window wall, cladding elements, and curtain walls which generates the exterior of the building

Answer 2

Facade

Question 3

Facade involves

Answer 3

Window wall
cladding elements
Curtain walls

Question 4

Now possess structural importance equivalent to that gained by other structural elements of the building

Answer 4

Curtain wall system

Question 5

is a fundamental function of a facade

Answer 5

Water penetration

Question 6

This function is more of an environment concern to reduce emission of carbon dioxide due to rate of heat loss or gain

Answer 6

Air impermeability

Question 7

Wind actions are transferred by the cladding system to the building act as a

Answer 7

Linear support

Question 8

necessary between the inside and the outside environment mainly city centered building

Answer 8

Acoustic insulation

Question 9

Strictly necessary for a facade in order to reduce energy consumption and co2 emissions

Answer 9

Thermal insulation function

Question 10

where complete defense of water is conducted

Answer 10

Primary level

Question 11

Where a direction to let percolated water to drained out has to be provided

Answer 11

Secondary level

Question 12

are transferred by cladding system to the building floors which act as a linear support

Answer 12

Wind actions

Question 13

This can be reduced by providing selective solar control coating on one of the surface of the glass

Answer 13

Solar levels

Question 14

This coating is called —— because solar radiation of different wavelengths is selectively allowed to pass through the coating

Answer 14

selective

Question 15

are factory pre casted systems

Answer 15

Curtain wall system

Question 16

Functions of curtain walls in buildings

Answer 16

Elimination of water penetration
Air impermeability
Resistance to wind, thermal and acoustic action
Solar level

Question 17

Two types of curtain wall system

Answer 17

Stick curtain wall system
Unitized curtain wall system

Question 18

Involves its component to be assembled piece by piece on the building at the site

Answer 18

Stick curtain wall system

Question 19

Stick curtain wall are mainly installed in

Answer 19

Low rise building or small regions

Question 20

mainly installed in low rise building or small regions

Answer 20

Stick curtain wall system

Question 21

gains the advantage of low shipping cost as onsite adjustments are possible

Answer 21

stick curtain wall system

Question 22

Involves assembling by means of interlocking units that are bought from the factory

Answer 22

Unitize curtain wall system

Question 23

This system is mainly used in high rise building

Answer 23

Unitize curtain wall system

Question 24

Components of a curtain wall

Answer 24

Transom
Mullions
Vision glass
Anchor

Question 25

Horizontal members on the curtain wall panel

Answer 25

Transom

Question 26

Vertical rails

Answer 26

Mullions

Question 27

Is identified by the split mullions and the transforms that are evident in the panel perimeters

Answer 27

Unitized system

Question 28

mainly deals with the issue of water permeability

Answer 28

Weather tightness

Question 29

In order to avoid weather tightness ____ are employed

Answer 29

impermeable insulating units (glazed units)

Question 30

Most of the support are held at the

Answer 30

Edge beams

Question 31

Would prevent damage to the curtain wall and cladding system particularly when it is highly glazed

Answer 31

Proper edge beam provision

Question 32

Can be provided so that they can span between the perimeter columns

Answer 32

Alternative steel strong backs

Question 33

The strong backs are mainly

Answer 33

Hot rolled sections

Question 34

Are considered structural elements of a building

Answer 34

Curtain walls

Question 35

Are commonly used methods of exterior cladding for mid-rise and high-rise buildings

Answer 35

Curtain wall and window wall

Question 36

Spans only a a single floor, is supported by the slab below and above, and is therefore installed within the slab edge

Answer 36

Window wall system

Question 37

Is a structurally independent/self supporting system, typically spanning multiple stories, and is installed proud of/ beyond the slab edge

Answer 37

Curtain wall

Question 38

This systems inherently act as the primary air/vapor/ weather - resistive barrier for the building envelope

Answer 38

Enclosure/Barrier

Question 39

Beyond clear glass, these systems can incorporate panels of metal, stone, opaque glass, etc.

Answer 39

Cladding

Question 40

While they do not have the same insulation value as a solid or framed wall, these systems do provide some degree of insulation value

Answer 40

Insulation

Question 41

While these are not bearing walls, they transfer their loads to the main building structure, and need to be designed to resist wind and other lateral loads

Answer 41

Structural

Question 42

Two main types of curtain wall systems

Answer 42

Stick-built Unitized

Question 43

Arrives at the site as a kit of parts

Answer 43

Stick-built

Question 44

Arrives at the job site in prefabricated panels

Answer 44

Unitized

Question 45

The metal extrusion between glazing panels that supports the system

Answer 45

Mullion

Question 46

A metal plate secured to the mullion to retain the glass in place, typically 2 or more inches wide

Answer 46

Pressure plate

Question 47

To give more minimal appearance

Answer 47

Structural silicone

Question 48

Two or more panes of glass separated by a spacer and filled with an inert gas

Answer 48

Insulated glazing unit (IGU)

Question 49

Often referred to as double-glazed or double-pane

Answer 49

Insulated glazing unit (IGU)

Question 50

The component that separates the glass panes at the edge of the IGU.

Answer 50

Spacer

Question 51

It often includes a desiccant material to absorb moisture.

Answer 51

Spacer

Question 52

used to separate IGU edge from the mullion/frame at the perimeter

Answer 52

Setting blocks

Question 53

Extruded rubber used as a glazing seal between the IGU and mullion.

Answer 53

Gasket

Question 54

They are compressed into a joint between frame and window at both the exterior and interior.

Answer 54

Gaskets

Question 55

In lieu of gaskets, field-applied wet sealant can be installed between the IGU and mullion.

Answer 55

Wet seals

Question 56

Are typically silicone applied over a backer rod or glazing tape

Answer 56

Wet seals

Question 57

These are glass panels that do not move

Answer 57

Fixed glazing

Question 58

These are hinged or sliding glazed panels that allow for the introduction of fresh air into the building

Answer 58

Operable panel/vent

Question 59

These require specialized hardware and a “frame within a frame” to hold the glazing in place

Answer 59

Operable panel/vent

Question 60

As opposed to vision glass, a ___ is an opaque panel of either obscured coated glass or another material

Answer 60

Spandrel panel

Question 61

They are typically used to conceal structural elements or interstitial space.

Answer 61

Spandrel panel

Question 62

There is often a ____ or ____ behind the panel to hold/ conceal insulation to improve the thermal performance of the overall system

Answer 62

Shadow box or backpan

Question 63

A panel that incorporates louvers for the operation of mechanical units.

Answer 63

Louvered panel

Question 64

Should be integrated with a sleeve to allow for protection from water infiltration and allows for drainage to the exterior

Answer 64

Louvered panel

Question 65

ties the curtain wall to the slab edges or structural frame

Answer 65

Anchor

Question 66

Can be embedded when the slab is poured or fastened to slab after the slab is in place

Answer 66

Anchor

Question 67

Often a C-shaped channel design to accept the sill, jamb, and head of the overall frame to hold the system in place

Answer 67

Receptor

Question 68

Separates exterior metal mullion components from interior metal mullion components

Answer 68

Thermal break

Question 69

It reduces the thermal conduction through frame/ mullions by making the metal discontinuous.

Answer 69

Thermal break

Question 70

This may be a result of inadequate design for anticipated loads, inadequate design for deflection, improper or insufficient anchoring

Answer 70

Structural failure

Question 71

This may be a result of defects inherent to the window system itself ; penetrations in the system; interfaces with adjacent building systems

Answer 71

Water or air infiltration

Question 72

This may be caused by physical impact either during construction or post-construction ; weakening of the glass

Answer 72

Glass breakage

Question 73

This is a result of condensation occurring between the panes of glass, which is caused by a failure in the seal at the spacer of the IGU

Answer 73

Fogging of IGUs

Question 74

This is a result of the surface temperature of the interior frame and/or glass dropping below the dew point.

Answer 74

Indoor condensation

Question 75

Typical failures

Answer 75

- structural failure - water/ air infiltration -glass breakage -fogging of IGUs -indoor condensation

Question 76

In ____ forensic investigations, we have encountered a variety of ways in which curtain wall and window wall systems can fail.

Answer 76

Vertex