Willmott 4 protein diversity

Question 1

Inherited diseases :

Answer 1

faulty/mutated gene => cause of problem. Manifests through resulting change in protein encoded by gene
faulty gene => changes in amino a. seq => change properties of protein

Question 2

Inherited diseases example

Answer 2

sickle cell anaemia => Glutamate6 to Valine in Haemoglobin β chain -> terminal end
Gaucher disease => Leucine 444 to Proline in Glucocerebrosidase
Cystic fibrosis=> Phenylalinine 508 deletion in CFTR -> long chain transport protein.

Question 3

MUTATIONS LEAD TO

Answer 3

RESISTANCE
-changes => resistance as target antibiotics = pressure
point mutation cause possible at more than one a.a.

Question 4

Mutations that can be made deliberately

Answer 4

Serine + PO3 2- & kinase = phosphoserine

Question 5

-/ve control mutation

Answer 5

serine -OH +H = Aline

Question 6

+/ve control mutation

Answer 6

serine -OH -> COO- =Glutamate

Question 7

Light chain-antibodies

Answer 7

formed by variable end

Question 8

Heavy chain-antibodies

Answer 8

Stable/constant end

Question 9

How CHANNEL PROTEIN EMBEDDED IN LIPID MEMBRANE work:

Answer 9

hydrophobic channel (K+ channel narrow enough from K+ but not Na+)=> -/ve charge a.a.’s

• Cl- can’t because of repulsion. => SELECTIVE CHANNEL
• patch clamp membrane to compare charge either side of membrane

Question 10

DNA BINDING PROTEINS

Answer 10

-specific recognistion of DNA e.g. control gene expression of yeast

Question 11

MODULAR proteins:

Answer 11

contain structural & functional domains e.g. myosin

• repeat patterns within
• functional units for individual pieces

Question 12

KERITIN characteristics

Answer 12

-1st & 4th hydrophobic, 3-5 AA.s per turn, 7 AA repeats => superstructure => stabilisations