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History The Normans > Williams Control Of England > Flashcards

Williams Control Of England Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the main way William gained control over England originally

A

Gave rewards to followers and enemies

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2
Q

Who are two of the main individuals William paid

A

Alan the red (made him the 5th richest in history with land worth 200 billion)
And the pope t9 thank h8m for his and gods support

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3
Q

What was one of Williams first military steps

A

Building a professional army, many of the English army before were untrained and unskilled
He paid them with a gelds tax

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4
Q

What was the names of the earldoms he created

A

The marcher earldoms

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5
Q

Wh6 did William need the support of some English royalty

A

Because he was afraid they would start a rebellion in the north

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6
Q

Who are two of the English earls William rewarded

A

Morcar of Northumbria and Edwin of Mercia

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7
Q

Who was one of the main revolts led by

A

Edwin and morcar

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8
Q

What year was the revolt led by Edwin and morcar

A

1068

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9
Q

Why did Edwin and morcar start a revolt against William (personal reasons)

A

Even though he gave them land, it was less than they had before
William had promised to marry Edwin’s daughter but after two years, still hadn’t

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10
Q

Why did Edwin and morcar start a revolt (societal reasons)

A

The Norman earls were brutal despite claiming they’d be nice, they were incredibly harsh on Anglo Saxon people, esp women
The Normans didn’t have to pay full tax to William whereas the English Saxon earls did
The taxes from Anglo Saxons were often used to empower and further strengthen the Norman’s
There was a very heavy tax in December 1066

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11
Q

What was Williams response to the revolt of Edwin and morcar

A

He sent his private army to Mercia and Northumbria
He realised his lack of Norman power in the north would be an issue to he sent a man named Robert cumin to watch over the north, causing later revolts

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12
Q

What was Williams response to Edwin and morcar

A

They were welcomed back into the kings court

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13
Q

Who proved the most significant resistance to William in 1069

A

Edgar ætheling

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14
Q

What was the first thing Edgar ætheling did in 1069

A

After fleeing to Scotland after the earls revolt in 1068 he gathered troops and marched back down south

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15
Q

What started Edgar æthelings rebellion

A

In jan 1069 robert cumin was killed leaving the north less under Norman rule
Furthermore in feb the governor of York was killed

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16
Q

What was Williams response to Edgar and the rebellions in the north

A

He killed rebel forces, destroyed York and built many more castles across the north of England

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17
Q

How many months after this was there another attempt to invade England and who was it by

A

7 months

King sweyn of Denmark

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18
Q

Who had allied together in September of 1069 to try and stop William

A

Edgar ætheling and king sweyn of Denmark

19
Q

When did Edgar and sweyn try to invade England

A

Sept 21st 1069

20
Q

What were Edgar and sweyns actions in the invasion

A

They laid siege to the York, killing thousands of Norman’s

This spurred other Anglo Saxons to act out too

21
Q

What was Williams response to the guerilla war

A

The harrying of the north

22
Q

What were some of the main reasons for the harrying of the north

A

William wanted revenge for Robert cumin
It was a response to the guerrilla war
To stop opposition forces from using the north as a base for attack

23
Q

When did the harrying of the north take place

A

Winter time, between October 1069 and march 1070

24
Q

What was the aim of the harrying of the north

A

To make it uninhabitable

25
Q

How did the Norman’s achieve making the north uninhabitable

A

Ploughing salt into the fields

Burning and destroying crops and villages

26
Q

What were the short term impacts of the harrying of the north

A

100,000 people died around 5% of the population at the time
Crops, animals and homes were lost
People were starving so badly some even resorted to cannibalism
People hurriedly tried to leave the north, creating a refugee crisis

27
Q

What were the long term impacts of the harrying of the north

A

William received a lot of backlash and hate
In the doomsday book, the north was reported to be mainly wasteland
There were no more rebellions after that
In finalised the Norman’s control over England

28
Q

What two rivers did the harrying take place between

A

The tees and the Humber

29
Q

Who was hereward the wake

A

A member of nobility who was exiled by Edward the confessor for being a troublemaker

30
Q

Why did hereward the wake start a rebellion

A

Because when returned from exiled he found his town had been overruled by Norman’s, his land was owned by them and his people were under their command

31
Q

When did he rewards revoked take place

A

Between 1069 and 1071

32
Q

Who did hereward manage to team up with

A

King sweyn
Why is he always there wtf?!
And later morcar

33
Q

Did they win the hereward revolt

A

No they resisted until 1071 but were defeated by the Norman’s

34
Q

When was the revolt of the earls

A

1075

35
Q

Who participated in the revolt of the earls

A

Three earls:
Earl of Hereford- roger de breteuil (Norman)
Earl of east anglia- Ralph de Gael (Norman)
Waltheof- earl of Northumbria (Anglo Saxon)

36
Q

Why did the earls revolt in 1075

A

Greed for power, earls we’re loosing a lot of it
Unfair inheritance laws- William commandeered back some land as part of some inheritance laws
Power change in marcher earldoms (mainly applied to Hereford) but the king was taking marcher earldoms power
Ralph de Gael was angry

37
Q

Who agreed do invade England

A

You’d never fucking guess it

King sweyn

38
Q

Which one of the earls chickened out

A

Waltheof changed his mind and told lanfranc

39
Q

What was one of the biggest reasons the earls revolt failed

A

Ralph and roger expected Anglo Saxons to rise up and rebel with them but most didn’t care
Some even joined the Norman’s

40
Q

What happened after the revolt

A

Denmark saw the failure and decided not to invade
William returned to England from France and captured the culprits
Ralph managed to escape to France

41
Q

What happened to the people involved in the earls revolt

A

Ralph fled
Roger was put in prison
Ralph AND roger had all their land taken away
Waltheof was executed on the 31st may 1076

42
Q

What were some of Williams powers

A

Religion, tax, law-making through the writs and military

43
Q

What is the name of the castles Norman’s would build to establish their power

A

Motte and Bailey castles

44
Q

What were landowners made to do to the king

A

Swear oaths of loyalty

History The Normans (5 decks)

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