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History The Normans > Life Under The Normans > Flashcards

Life Under The Normans Flashcards

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1
Q

What were tenants

A

William c supporters and allies

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2
Q

What did William give his tenants

A

Land

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3
Q

What was expected of tenants

A

To be loyal

To supply troops, knights and military forces if required

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4
Q

What were the most important tenants called and give some examples

A

Tenants in chief

Bishops, lords, barons

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5
Q

What were the two names for those ‘under’ the tenants in chief

A

Vassals or under tenants

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6
Q

What would tenants in chief grant loyal supporters

A

Money, land etc

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7
Q

What did the tenants in chief want in return

A

Loyalty

To fight for them when asked

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8
Q

What was ‘knight service’

A

When tenants in chief would supply knights to the king for 1-2 months each year

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9
Q

What would happen to someone who disobeyed those above them in the feudal system

A

They would have their land and money taken away

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10
Q

What was the name for having your land and money removed

A

Forfeiture

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11
Q

What was homage

A

The idea that William could control what someone received in inheritance

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12
Q

Give an example of people relying on each other in the feudal system

A

Peasants were given land by tenants in chief, but they had to farm it to keep it
Knights were provided to William but the tenants and chief would have their land removed if they didn’t

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13
Q

How did William maintain control

A

Set examples e.g. the harrying of the north
Created a powerful public image so people would have faith in him
Controlling inheritance
Building motte and Bailey castles around England
Created a military
The marcher earldoms- earldoms ruled by the Normans put them in more power and the English earls in less

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14
Q

How did the geld tax help William

A

It was funded mainly by English earls, making his army stronger and him financially stronger while they became financially weaker

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15
Q

How did society change under Norman rule

A

Normans disagreed with slavery and freed many Anglos Saxon slaves, instead making them coerls (free peasants)
Earls and earldoms became smaller and less important
Thegns became tenants, if they disobeyed the Norman’s, their land would be confiscated

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16
Q

What was the main idea of law in Anglos Saxon times

A

Collective responsibility

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17
Q

What was collective responsibility

A

If one person did wrong, the entire community (tithing) would be punished for it

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18
Q

What was ‘hue and cry’

A

Similar to mob justice, groups in a community would hunt for a criminal, recruiting others along the way

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19
Q

What was the Anglo Saxon punishment for treason

A

Death penalty

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20
Q

What was wergild

A

Essentially compensation , a family would pay for the damages caused to another family

21
Q

What was trial by ordeal

A

A trial requiring gods intervention

22
Q

What are some examples of trial by ordeal

A

Getting someone to hold a hot stone, if the wound became became infected then god was claiming they were guilty

23
Q

What was a shire reeve and their responsibilities

A 
Basically an Anglo Saxon sheriff, commanded by a writ 
The had to collect tax 
Rallying fyrds 
Judge in court 
Ensure the shire was protected
24
Q

What were some differences between Anglo Saxon and Norman shire reeves

A

The Norman sheriffs reported right back to the king
They could and would exploit their power
They were paid demesne

25
Q

When did William order the domesday survey

A

December 1085

26
Q

How many names are recorded in the domesday survey

A

13418

27
Q

What was the purpose of the domesday survey

A

It recorded everyones land and obligations to the king

28
Q

Why was it though that the domesday book could have been made

A

Fear of a Viking invasion, William was cataloguing how many knights he had

29
Q

What was the estimated population of England at the time of the domesday survey

A

2 million however it can’t be confirmed

30
Q

What was one of Britain’s biggest incomes in the Anglos Saxon times

A

Trade

31
Q

What did trade centre around

A

Towns. (Burhs)

32
Q

What percentage of the population lived in burhs

A

19% but those living outside them could seek refuge in there if needed, they were heavily fortified

33
Q

Why were Normand castles so important

A

They established control over Anglo Saxons (higher up: harder to attack, easier to observe Anglo Saxons and a military prescience frightened the locals)
Protected England from outside attack

34
Q

What were some changes in towns and trade under Norman control

A

Towns grew a lot in size and number

Trade with Europe was increased as William ruled both England and France

35
Q

What were the main trading points

A

Livestock, wool, fish, salt

36
Q

What were key features of Norman towns

A

Buildings for living and for guilds
Churches and religious houses in towns
Peasants often lived in the town centre

37
Q

What were burgesses

A

A freed peasant (villein)
They had to pay tax but helped the militia and settle disputes
Responsible for acting like watchmen on the outskirts of the town

38
Q

What was a charter town

A

A town that asked for independence after reaching a certain size, governing itself
Though it did still have to pay taxes to nobles

39
Q

What percent of the population lived in villages in 1060

A

90%

40
Q

What sort of architecture did the Norman’s used in their buildings

A

Romanesque and later, gothic

41
Q

What were the two main things motte and Bailey castles were made out of

A

Wood and stone

42
Q

What was the motte

A

The mound of earth the castle was sat upon

43
Q

What was the Bailey

A

The enclosed courtyard at the bottom of the motte

44
Q

What was the name of the castle in the motte and Bailey castles

A

The keep

45
Q

What was the name of the fence surrounding the Bailey

A

The palisade

46
Q

Why were motte and baileys so popular

A

They were easy and quick to construct
They provided protection for Norman’s in the Bailey
They intimidated the anglo Saxons
The provided a height advantage

47
Q

What were forest laws

A

Williams way to try and seize more land

He loved hunting so he tried to gain more land through forest laws

48
Q

How did forest laws work??

A

If you were found hunting on Williams land you would be severely punished, you would have land taken from you therefore increasing Williams amount of land
Often locks were even evicted due to this, causing a lot of detest for the laws

History The Normans (5 decks)

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