William III and Mary II to the Hanoverians, and the Stuart family dynamics: Flashcards
Q: What did the acceptance of the Bill of Rights (1689) by William III and Mary II establish?
A: The Bill of Rights (1689) established a constitutional monarchy, limiting the power of the monarch and strengthening Parliament’s power. It also ensured Protestant rule in England.
Q: What was the significance of the Act of Settlement (1701)?
A: The Act of Settlement (1701) ensured that the English throne would remain Protestant, establishing a Protestant succession to the throne.
Q: What was the Glorious Revolution?
A: The Glorious Revolution (1688) was when James II fled to France after ruling without Parliament’s support. William III (his son-in-law) and Mary II (his daughter) were invited to take the throne, marking the end of James II’s reign.
Q: Who was Queen Anne, and what marked the end of the Stuart dynasty?
A: Queen Anne was the last Stuart monarch, ruling from 1702 to 1714. Her death without a direct heir ended the Stuart dynasty.
Q: What were the religious dynamics between Catholics and Anglicans within the Stuart family?
A: The Stuart family had tensions between Catholic and Anglican branches. Charles II, despite being raised Anglican, leaned towards Catholicism due to his mother’s Catholic beliefs. James II was openly Catholic, which caused conflict with Protestant factions.
Q: Was Charles II an Anglican?
A: Charles II was nominally Anglican but tended to lean towards Catholicism, influenced by his Catholic mother, Henrietta Maria. However, he publicly maintained Anglicanism as the state religion.
Q: What was the fate of Mary I, Queen of Scots?
A: Mary, Queen of Scots, was Catholic and faced numerous challenges during her reign. Her son, James VI of Scotland, succeeded her and became James I of England, uniting the two crowns.
Q: What was the significance of James VI and I?
A: James VI of Scotland became James I of England in 1603, marking the start of the Stuart dynasty in England. His reign is noted for the Union of the Crowns and the King James Bible.
Q: Who succeeded James I and what were the issues during his reign?
A: James I was succeeded by his son, Charles I. Charles I faced conflicts over his belief in the divine right of kings, tensions with Parliament, and religious issues, leading to the English Civil Wars.
Q: How did the throne pass after Queen Anne’s death?
A: After Queen Anne’s death, having no direct heirs, the throne passed to a Hanoverian cousin, George of Hanover, who became George I of England, starting the Hanoverian dynasty.
Q: Who were the Jacobites, and what was their connection to the Stuart family?
A: The Jacobites were supporters of the Stuart claim to the throne. Charles Edward Stuart, known as Bonnie Prince Charlie, was a key figure in the Jacobite Rebellions but was ultimately excluded from the throne due to his Catholic faith.
