Wildlife Zoonoses

Question 1

Hantavirus’s primary reservoir is rodents with __ clinical signs and infects humans by __ particles (urine/feces/saliva) that result in clinical signs of __, __ or __ with acute __ disease leading to __ or __.

Answer 1

no, aerosolized, fever, nausea, cough, respiratory, hemorrhagic complications, DIC

Question 2

mortality rate of hantavirus

Answer 2

45% untreated

Question 3

Tularemia mainly affects __ and __ with transmission by __, __, and__in the __ US.

Answer 3

rabbits and rodents, arthropods, ingestion, direct contact, central

Question 4

tularemia clinical signs in humans

Answer 4

ulceroglandular type
glandular type
oropharyngeal type
typhoidal type
pleuropulmonary type
oculoglandular type

Question 5

clinical signs of tularemia in rabbits

Answer 5

lethargy, incoordination, occasional mortality, necropsy lesions include pinpoint white lesions in liver and spleen, necrotic lymph nodes, pneumonia

Question 6

Plague (yersinia pestis) is maintained in nature through a complex ___ cycle with susceptible non rodent hosts such as __ and ___. Transmission is by flea ___.

Answer 6

flea-rodent, felids, black footed ferret, bite

Question 7

plague clinical signs in humans

Answer 7

• fever, chills, mylagia, nausea, sore throat
• lymphadenitis (bubonic plague)
• lymph nosed may rupture and drain
• primary septicemic form
• primary pneumonia form

Question 8

plague fatality rate in humans

Answer 8

50% in untreated

Question 9

diagnosis of plague is first by ___ staining gram __ coccobacillus in lymph node aspirates and definitive dx is by __ and __ with preferred tissue being lymph nodes, blood, spleen, liver and lung

Answer 9

bipolar, negative, culture ID and immunohistochemistry

Question 10

Tuberculosis is an acid fast, gram __ bacterium thats a problem in ___ populations. Transmission is by __, __ or ___

Answer 10

positive, northern deer, aerosol, contaminated feed, close contact

Question 11

clinical signs of tuberculosis in deer

Answer 11

• chronic disease with weight loss
• yellow to tan pea sized nodules in chest cavity or lungs
• SQ swelling/abscesses
• swollen lymph nodes in head and cranial neck region

Question 12

tuberculosis diagnosis

Answer 12

• post mortem exam and culture for M. bovis
• caudal fold tuberculin test by intradermal injection of tuberculin
  -comparative cervical test

Question 13

Avian tuberculosis is ______a gram __ acid fast __ shaped bacteria that is transmitted by what?

Answer 13

mycobacterium avium, positive, rod

transmitted by feces, contaminated food/water/environment, waste water, long term spore survival, migratory bird concentrations

Question 14

clinical signs of avian tuberculosis include __, __,___, ___, ___ and __while the lesions include ___, and __

Answer 14

emaciation, muscle wasting, weakness, occasional diarrhea, lameness, dull plumage

muscle atrophy, mutifocal granulomatous nodules in liver/spleen/intestines/lung./sir sacs/gonads

Question 15

avian tuberculosis is diagnosed by __ or __

Answer 15

culture or PCR

Question 16

West Nile Virus causes __ with susceptible species being __, and __ while __ and __ are dead end hosts. what are the clinical signs?

Answer 16

encephalitis, corvids, raptors, humans, horses

fever, ataxia, incoordination, paresis, paralysis, death, flu like symptoms or fatal neurologic disease in people

Question 17

diagnosis of west nile virus is by __ or ___

Answer 17

serology or PCR

Question 18

Salmonella has a __ carrier rate that __ be eliminated by antibiotics. Animals that do have clinical signs show __ signs

Question 19

children under __ and the immunocompromised shouldn’t have reptiles because of the risk of salmonella

Answer 19

5

Question 20

yersinia pestis has a __ lesions with regional __ followed by __

Answer 20

vesicular, lyphadenopathy, septicemia

Question 21

3 types of plague (pelzer)

Answer 21

buboes : swellings and inflammation of the peripheral LN

Septicemia: nervous and central symptoms

pneumonic: secondary to bubonic or septicemic form or primary if inhaled

Question 22

what are the 4 forms of tuleremia?

Answer 22

septic
pneumonic
ulcer
GI form

Question 23

tuleremia can be transmitted by __ bites and scratches

Answer 23

cat

Question 24

you decide to go rabbit hunting and see hepatic and splenic abscesses, what is the cause?

Answer 24

tularemia

Question 25

Lyme is transmitted by __ and carried by the _____causing a __ rash. It can be treated with __ and should be prevented by avoiding woody and tall grassed areas.

Answer 25

ixodes (deer tick), white footed mouse, bullseye rash (erythema chronicum)

Question 26

alpha gal is tranmitted by ixodes and causes an __ to red meat

Answer 26

allergic reaction

Question 27

Rickettsia rickettsii is acquired from __, __ and __ causing __, __ __ and __. treatment should include __

Answer 27

dermacentor, amblyomma, haemaphysalis, fever, chills, headache, muscle pain, macular eruptions, tetracyclines

Question 28

Hantavirus leads to ___ and __ in humans with a __ week incubation period. ___ % that develop clinical signs will die

Answer 28

progressive bilateral pneumonia and respiratory failure, 2, 30-50%

Question 29

lacrosse virus is transmitted by __ with __ and __ as reservoirs. It causes __ in humans

Answer 29

mosquitoes, chipmunks and squirrels, mild fevers

Question 30

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis is not outwardly __ and is dangerous to ___ causing __, __ and __. It is transmitted by __ bites

Answer 30

apparent, pregnant women, abortion, still birth, blindness in the baby, mice

Question 31

Macacine herpes virus 1 (herpes b virus ) occurs naturally in __ and is transmitted through __ with a __ fatality rate and ___ signs in those that survive.

Answer 31

rhesus monkeys, bites/saliva, high, neurologic

Question 32

monkeypox is transmitted by __ causing a __ rash in humans.

Answer 32

direct contact with infected animal, vesicular/pustular