Wildlife Population Restoration - Session 3 - Terms Flashcards
Define “Population”
a collection of organisms of the same species that interbreed
Define “Deme”
individuals of a species that have a high likelihood of interbreeding. Also known as Subpopulation.
Define “Metapopulation”
When a species whose range is composed of more or less geographically isolated patches, interconnected through patterns of gene flow, extinction, and recolonization
Define “Population Viability”
Likelihood of persistence of well-distributed population > 100 years
Define “Threshold” in terms of Wildlife Restoration
Environmental tolerances that, when crossed, causes populations to crash
Define “Minimum Viable Population”
Smallest size population that can sustain itself over time and below which extinction is inevitable
Define “Dispersal” and “Migration”
Dispersal: one-way movement, typically of young away from natal areas
Migration: aseasonal, cyclic movement typically across latitudes or elevations (to follow resources, or escape harsh, seasonal, conditions)
Define “Homerange”
An animals movement throughout a known space over a day/week/month to locate resources
Define “Functional Response” and “Numerical Response”
Functional Response: refers to changes in the behaviour of organisms, such as:
- Selecting different prey, substrates for resting or reproduction
- Can be a temporary and localized increase in numbers
Numerical Response: refers to absolute changes in the abundance of individuals through changes in recruitment
Define “Source Populations” and “Sink Populations”
Source: are populations of stable reproductive populations
Sink: are habitats predominated by subdominant individuals and young of the year
Define an “Ecological Trap”
When poor-quality habitat appears better than it actually is
What is a “Native Species”?
a species that is located in its presumed area of evolutionary origin and nonhuman-aided dispersal
What is a “Nonnative Species”?
(person, plant or animal) not indigenous or native to a particular place
Define “Introducing Wildlife”
species or genotypes not known to have existed there previously are established at a site. Species may or may not be native to a broader geographic area
Define “Reintroducing Wildlife”?
reestablishment of species or genotypes historically present at the project site but was extirpated
What is meant by “augmenting wildlife”?
When individuals of a species are added to a site where the species occurs presently - also called restocking
Define “Resident Wildlife”
species, populations, or genotypes native to a local site. These can be extracted from a local site for onsite restoration or augmentation
Define “Translocated Wildlife”
genotypes that are collected offsite, for planting or release at a project site within their natural range
What is the difference between a “Soft” and “Hard” release?
Soft release: captured animals are held in captivity for an extended period, allows researchers to monitor the animals condition before release
Hard release: animals are released into the wild without any conditioning at the release site, reduces additional stress that might accompany captivity
Define “genetic drift”
Random loss of genes/gene variants in a population
