Wildlife Population Restoration - Session 3 - Terms

Question 1

Define “Population”

Answer 1

a collection of organisms of the same species that interbreed

Question 2

Define “Deme”

Answer 2

individuals of a species that have a high likelihood of interbreeding. Also known as Subpopulation.

Question 3

Define “Metapopulation”

Answer 3

When a species whose range is composed of more or less geographically isolated patches, interconnected through patterns of gene flow, extinction, and recolonization

Question 4

Define “Population Viability”

Answer 4

Likelihood of persistence of well-distributed population > 100 years

Question 5

Define “Threshold” in terms of Wildlife Restoration

Answer 5

Environmental tolerances that, when crossed, causes populations to crash

Question 6

Define “Minimum Viable Population”

Answer 6

Smallest size population that can sustain itself over time and below which extinction is inevitable

Question 7

Define “Dispersal” and “Migration”

Answer 7

Dispersal: one-way movement, typically of young away from natal areas

Migration: aseasonal, cyclic movement typically across latitudes or elevations (to follow resources, or escape harsh, seasonal, conditions)

Question 8

Define “Homerange”

Answer 8

An animals movement throughout a known space over a day/week/month to locate resources

Question 9

Define “Functional Response” and “Numerical Response”

Answer 9

Functional Response: refers to changes in the behaviour of organisms, such as:
- Selecting different prey, substrates for resting or reproduction
- Can be a temporary and localized increase in numbers

Numerical Response: refers to absolute changes in the abundance of individuals through changes in recruitment

Question 10

Define “Source Populations” and “Sink Populations”

Answer 10

Source: are populations of stable reproductive populations

Sink: are habitats predominated by subdominant individuals and young of the year

Question 11

Define an “Ecological Trap”

Answer 11

When poor-quality habitat appears better than it actually is

Question 12

What is a “Native Species”?

Answer 12

a species that is located in its presumed area of evolutionary origin and nonhuman-aided dispersal

Question 13

What is a “Nonnative Species”?

Answer 13

(person, plant or animal) not indigenous or native to a particular place

Question 14

Define “Introducing Wildlife”

Answer 14

species or genotypes not known to have existed there previously are established at a site. Species may or may not be native to a broader geographic area

Question 15

Define “Reintroducing Wildlife”?

Answer 15

reestablishment of species or genotypes historically present at the project site but was extirpated

Question 16

What is meant by “augmenting wildlife”?

Answer 16

When individuals of a species are added to a site where the species occurs presently - also called restocking

Question 17

Define “Resident Wildlife”

Answer 17

species, populations, or genotypes native to a local site. These can be extracted from a local site for onsite restoration or augmentation

Question 18

Define “Translocated Wildlife”

Answer 18

genotypes that are collected offsite, for planting or release at a project site within their natural range

Question 19

What is the difference between a “Soft” and “Hard” release?

Answer 19

Soft release: captured animals are held in captivity for an extended period, allows researchers to monitor the animals condition before release

Hard release: animals are released into the wild without any conditioning at the release site, reduces additional stress that might accompany captivity

Question 20

Define “genetic drift”

Answer 20

Random loss of genes/gene variants in a population