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2024 spring > Wildlife nut > Flashcards

Wildlife nut Flashcards

1
Q

Energy metabolism, all metabolic transformations.

A

Phosphorus

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1
Q

Blood clotting, egg shell formation, muscle contraction, skeletal formation.

A

Calcium

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2
Q

Retarded growth, osteoporosis, rickets, eggshell thinning, reduced antler growth.

A

Calcium deficiency

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3
Q

Loss of appetite, pica, rickets, weakness/death.

A

Phosphorus deficiency

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4
Q

Abnormal eating habits

A

Pica

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5
Q

Bone disease, reduction in bone strength.

A

Osteoporosis

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6
Q

Softening and weakening of bones

A

Rickets

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7
Q

Excess of phosphorus, lower levels of calcium lead to calcium resorption from the bones.

A

nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism

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8
Q

Another name for nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism.

A

Metabolic bone disease.

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8
Q

Bone meal, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate (limestone).

A

Calcium and Phosphorus supplements.

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9
Q

Regulation of body fluid volume and osmolarity, necessary for growth and reproduction.

A

Sodium

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9
Q

Steroid hormone that stimulates potassium excretion and sodium absorption and retention by the kidney, sweat/salivary glands, and GI mucosa.

A

Aldosterone

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9
Q

Corneal keratinization, gonadal inactivity, adrenal hypertrophy, hypovolemic shock/death.

A

Sodium deficiency

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10
Q

High levels of precipitation lead to:

A

low levels of sodium in the environment

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11
Q

Salt licks, aquatic plants, burnt wood, soil.

A

Sodium supplements

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12
Q

Balances sodium on outside of cell, carbohydrate metabolism, enzyme activation, osmotic regulation.

A

Potassium

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13
Q

Reduces availability and retention of elements such as sodium or magnesium, leading to a deficiency of those elements.

A

Excess potassium.

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14
Q

Muscle weakness, cardiorespiratory weakness/failure, tubular degeneration of kidneys.

A

Potassium deficiency

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15
Q

Essential constituent of bones and teeth, enzyme activation relative to energy metabolism.

A

Magnesium.

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16
Q

Vasodilation, hyperirritability, convulsions, soft tissue calcification, defective bones and teeth.

A

Magnesium deficiency

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17
Q

Magnesium ammonium phosphate.

A

Struvite crystals

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18
Q

Grass tetany/staggers.

A

Magnesium deficiency.

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19
Q

acid-base relations, gastric acidity, and digestion.

A

Chloride

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20
Q

Hemoconcentration, dehydration, nervous disorders.

A

Chloride deficiency

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21
Q

Development of growing neonate’s hemoglobin, myoglobin.

A

Iron

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22
Q

Anemia, whitish discoloration of underfur.

A

Iron deficiency

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23
Q

Iron supplement injections, geophagia, mineral licks.

A

Iron supplements.

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24
Q

Enlargement of the thyroid.

A

Goiter (Iodine deficiency and excess)

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25
Q

Fresh beef or freshwater fish are low, liver and marine fish are high.

A

Iodine

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26
Q

Cabbage, kale, Brussel sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, turnips, soybeans.

A

Goitrogenic plants.

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27
Q

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine.

A

Iodine.

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28
Q

Red meat low; liver, heart, brain, and kidney much higher.

A

Copper.

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29
Q

Calcium, cadmium, zinc, iron, lead, silver, molybdenum, sulfur can all interfere with absorbing:

A

Copper.

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30
Q

Anemias, faded coat color.

A

Copper deficiency.

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31
Q

Achromotrichia (hair color loss) and alopecia.

A

Copper deficiency due to excess zinc.

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32
Q

Copper sulfate, copper glycinate, liver, slow release copper.

A

Copper supplementations.

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33
Q

Reduced growth and feed intake, parakeratosis (keratinization of tongue epithelium), alopecia.

A

Zinc deficiency.

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34
Q

Solubilized from galvanized pails, pipes, troughs, or cages.

A

Zinc supplementations

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35
Q

Glutathione peroxidase.

A

Selenium

36
Q

White muscle disease.

A

Selenium deficiency.

37
Q

Glutathione peroxidase activates after 20-30 days following:

A

Selenium supplementation.

38
Q

Alkali disease or blind staggers. Hoof sloughing, heart atrophy, cirrhosis of liver, blindness.

A

Selenium toxicity.

39
Q

Osteomalacia.

A

Excess fluoride levels, decreased calcium levels.

40
Q

Capture myopathy.

A

Selenium.

41
Q

Broken, pitted, blackened teeth, abnormal wear due to softening of teeth, fractures of teeth or jaw bones.

A

Fluoride toxicity.

42
Q

Proper formation of cartilaginous matrix of bone.

A

Manganese.

43
Q

Improper bone formation and growth.

A

Manganese deficiency.

44
Q

Calcium and phosphorus reduce its absorption.

A

Manganese.

45
Q

Liver consumption in young raptors.

A

Manganese.

46
Q

Induces copper deficiencies.

A

Molybdenum.

47
Q

Fat soluble vitamins.

A

Vitamin A, D, E, K

48
Q

Liver (primary source and storage), fat, cod liver oil.

A

Sources of Vitamin A

49
Q

Retinol, retinal, retinoic acid.

A

Vitamin A

50
Q

Internal hemorrhaging, yellow discoloration of liver, deformed embryos, bone fractures.

A

Hypervitaminosis A

51
Q

Antirachitic

A

Cures/prevents rickets

52
Q

Improper or inadequate calcium metabolism

A

Vitamin D deficiency

53
Q

Ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol.

A

Vitamin D

54
Q

Sun exposure

A

Vitamin D

55
Q

Retarded bone growth, increases bone resorption, bone deformities, promotes cellular degeneration, calcification of soft tissues.

A

Hypervitaminosis D

56
Q

Keeps fat from breaking down, preventing lipid peroxidation (antioxidant).

A

Vitamin E

57
Q

Tocopheryl acetate.

A

Vitamin E

58
Q

Frozen storage of fish, evisceration of fish prior to feeding leads to:

A

Vitamin E deficiency

59
Q

Fat reserves are site of greatest storage.

A

Vitamin E

60
Q

Hemorrhaging and death due to reducing blood platelets and clotting time.

A

Hypervitaminosis E

61
Q

Antihemorrhagic vitamin, synthesis of require blood clotting proteins.

A

Vitamin K

62
Q

Phylloquinone and menaquinone.

A

Vitamin K

63
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

Thiamin, Vitamin C, various Vitamin B (riboflavin, etc)

64
Q

Many species of fish have this which inhibits thiamin.

A

Thiaminase.

65
Q

Large amounts of thiaminase lead to:

A

Thiamin deficiency.

66
Q

Dietary variety, thiamin supplement given away from potential thiaminase.

A

Thiamin supplementation.

67
Q

Ascorbic acid.

A

Vitamin C

68
Q

Some species can synthesize this in the liver while others cannot synthesize at all.

A

Ascorbic acid (vitamin c)

69
Q

Green plants and fleshy fruits.

A

Source of Vitamin C

70
Q

Essential fatty acids

A

Linoleic, arachidonic, linolenic, eicosapentaenoic acids.

71
Q

Cats require 2 fatty acids.

A

Linoleic and arachidonic acids.

72
Q

Green plants, animal fat, some seed oils.

A

Linoleic acid sources

73
Q

meat, liver, milk, some seafoods.

A

Arachidonic acid sources.

74
Q

Lion needs 4 supplements.

A

Vitamin A, taurine, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid.

75
Q

0 kcal/g energy

A

Water, sodium chloride.

76
Q

4.1-4.2 kcal/g dry

A

Wheat corn

77
Q

4.1 kcal/g dry

A

Millet

78
Q

4.4 kcal/g dry, 1.3 kcal/g wet

A

Grass

79
Q

5.9 kcal/g

A

Sunflower seed kernels

80
Q

6.1 kcal/g

A

peanuts

81
Q

6.5 kcal/g

A

walnuts

82
Q

7.2 kcal/g, 8.8 kcal/g dry

A

Butter

83
Q

8.4 kcal/g dry

A

vegetable oils

84
Q

2.7 kcal/g fresh, 6.95 kcal/g dry

A

steak

85
Q

0.72 kcal/g fresh, 5.54 kcal/g dry

A

whole cow’s milk

86
Q

5.88 kcal/g fresh, 8.4 kcal/g dry

A

hooded seal milk

87
Q

Amount of energy required to raise 1g of water 1 degree Celsius

A

Calorie

88
Q

5.4 kcal (4.1 kcal/g usable)

A

Protein

89
Q

9 kcal

A

Fat

90
Q

4 kcal

A

Carbs

91
Q

Amino acids to remember

A

Arginine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Threonine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Valine, Taurine.

2024 spring (4 decks)

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