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2024 spring > Botany final > Flashcards

Botany final Flashcards

1
Q

Homosporous, dichotomously branched, perennial, microphyllous herbs…

A

Lycopodiaceae

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2
Q

Erect to prostrate herbs, with dichotomously branched stems, sometimes forming planar branch systems…

A

Selaginellaceae

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3
Q

Rhizomatous perennial herbs, the arial shoots hollow, ridged, with siliceous epidermal cells…

A

Equisetaceae

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4
Q

Rootless, rhizomatous, perennial herbs, dichotomously branched stems, aerial stems photosynthetic…

A

Psilotaceae

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5
Q

Homosporous, eusporangiate, perennial herbs;

A

Ophioglossaceae

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6
Q

Erect stems, dimorphic leaves or leaf segments with sori and indusia absent, and short stalked…

A

Osmundaceae

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7
Q

Rhizomatous aquatic ferns, the leaves lacking blade tissue…

A

Marsileaceae

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8
Q

Floating, aquatic herbs, the leaves simples, either in whorls of 3 bearing water repellant trichomes…

A

Salviniaceae

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9
Q

Mostly arborescent, the shoots generally covered with trichomes or scales…

A

Cyatheaceae

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10
Q

Distinctive in having shoot apices with clathrate scales and leaves with elongate, linear sori and indusia.

A

Aspleniaceae

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11
Q

Rhizomatous, creeping to climbing plants, the shoot apices with non-clathrate scales…

A

Dryopteridaceae

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12
Q

Exindusiate, mostly epiphytic ferns, sori usually round, oblong, or elliptic.

A

Polypodiaceae

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13
Q

Exindusiate sori, either marginal with false indusia, or intramarginal in lines along veins.

A

Pteridaceae

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14
Q

Palm-like; leaflets circinate when young; megasporophylls group at the stem apex…

A

Cycadaceae

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15
Q

Fern-like or palm-like; leaflets flat when young; megasporangiate strobili 1 to several;

A

Zamiaceae

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16
Q

Leaves simple, fan-shaped, deciduous, dichotomously-veined;

A

Ginkgoaceae

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17
Q

Cones with spirally arranged, flattened bract-scale complexes; ovules 2, inverted;

A

Pinaceae

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18
Q

Leaves scale-like, tightly appressed and as short as 1 mm to linear and up to about 3 cm long;

A

Cupressaceae

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19
Q

Pollen without saccae, the exine pitted; cones solitary, eventually disintegrating…

A

Araucariaceae

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20
Q

Ovules solitary and cones lacking; seeds with a hard outer layer, associated with a fleshy, usually bright colored aril.

A

Taxaceae

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21
Q

Branches usually green and photosynthetic; leaves scale-like, fused basally into a sheath, often shed soon after developing; pollen without saccae.

A

Ephedraceae

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22
Q

Vessel-less, evergreen shrubs with unisexual flowers having an undifferentiated, spiral perianth…

A

Amborellaceae

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23
Q

Aquatic herbs with floating leaves and solitary floating to emergent flowers…

A

Nymphaceae

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24
Q

Trees and shrubs with simple stipulate leaves, solitary flowers, a usually undifferentiated petaloid perianth…

A

Magnoliaceae

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25
Q

Perennial trees or shrubs (rarely vines) with aromatic oil glands, evergreen leaves…

A

Lauraceae

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26
Q

Plants with raphide crystals, leaves with parallel or netted venation…

A

Araceae

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27
Q

Herbs usually with bulbs and contractile roots; tepal petaloid and often with spots or lines.

A

Liliaceae

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28
Q

Large rosette herbs; anomalous secondary growth; leaves in rosettes at base or ends of branches..

A

Agavaceae

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29
Q

Herbs from a bulb with contractile roots; characteristic “amaryllis” alkaloids present…

A

Amaryllidaceae

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30
Q

Styloids (large prismatic crystals) of calcium oxalate present in sheaths of vascular bundles;

A

Iridaceae

31
Q

Plants terrestrial or epiphytic, roots strongly mycorrhizal, often with spongy, water-absorbing epidermis composed of dead cells…

A

Orchidaceae

32
Q

Trees or shrubs with unbranched or rarely branched trunks; apex of stem with a large apical meristem;

A

Arecaceae

33
Q

Herbs, usually epiphytic, with hairs with water-absorbing peltate scales, occasionally merely stellate;

A

Bromeliaceae

34
Q

Stems rounded and solid; leaves 3-ranked , composed of a sheath and blade with the sheath usually open;

A

Juncaceae

35
Q

Stem triangular in cross-section; tepals lacking or reduced to usually 3-6 scales, bristles, or hairs…

A

Cyperaceae

36
Q

Inflorescence of spikelets composed of an axis bearing 2-ranked and closely overlapping basal bracts and florets;

A

Poaceae

37
Q

Spicy-aromatic herbs, scattered secretory cells containing ethereal oils, various terpenes, and phenyl-propanoid compounds;

A

Zingiberaceae

38
Q

Perianth with tepals 4 to numerous, distinct; or differentiated into calyx and corolla, then sepals usually 5, distinct and deciduous…

A

Ranunculaceae

39
Q

Wood usually colored yellow by berberine; sepals usually 6, occasionally 4, distinct; petals in two parts:

A

Berberidaceae

40
Q

Often with laticifers present and plants with white, cream, yellow, orange, or red sap;

A

Papaveraceae

41
Q

Flowers with a variously developed hypanthium; petals usually 4 or 5, distinct, often clawed; stigmas separate.

A

Saxifragaceae

42
Q

Succulent herbs; flowers lacking a hypanthium; carpels usually 4 or 5, slightly connate at base.

A

Crassulaceae

43
Q

Usually lianas with leaf-opposed tendrils; inflorescence usually appearing leaf-opposed due to growth of the axillary branch from the opposing leaf axil;

A

Vitaceae

44
Q

Plants often with laticifers containing milky or colored latex, usually poisonous; inflorescence often highly modified, sometimes forming false flowers in cyathia…

A

Euphorbiaceae

45
Q

Leaves simple, the teeth salicoid (with veins expanding at the tooth apex and associated with spherical, glandular setae);

A

Salicaceae

46
Q

Leaves pinnately (or twice pinnately) compound, to palmately compound, trifoliate or unifoliate, pulvinus of leaf and individual leaflets well developed;

A

Fabaceae

47
Q

Thorns sometimes present, prickles sometimes present; flowers with a hypanthium ranging from flat to cup-shaped or cylindrical and either free from or adnate to the carpels…

A

Rosaceae

48
Q

Herbaceous or soft-wooded vines, usually with spirally coiled and often branched tendrils;

A

Cucurbitaceae

49
Q

Leaves simple but often lobed, entire to serrate, with pinnate venation; inflorescence determinate, often erect and spicate…

A

Fagaceae

50
Q

Leaves doubly serrate; inflorescence forming erect to pendulous catkins; fruit an achene, nut, or 2-winged samara…

A

Betulaceae

51
Q

Stems usually jointed at the nodes, hairs often gland-headed, with aromatic oils; leaves simple and palmately lobed;

A

Geraniaceae

52
Q

Flowers usually with well-developed hypanthium that is clearly prolonged above ovary; sepals 4, distinct; petals 4, distinct;

A

Onagraceae

53
Q

Producing glucosinolates (mustard oil glucosoides); petals 4, distinct, often forming a cross…

A

Brassicaceae

54
Q

Hairs various, but usually stellate hairs or peltate scales; flowers often associated with conspicuous bracts that form an epicalyx;

A

Malvaceae

55
Q

Well-developed vertical resin canals in the bark and associated with the larger veins of the leaves, the resin clear when fresh but drying black…

A

Anacardiaceae

56
Q

Leaves opposite, simple, entire, the leaf pair often connected by a transverse nodal line, and nodes usually swollen;

A

Caryophyllaceae

57
Q

Herbs or shrubs with uniseriate perianth of typically 5 parts; a superior, unilocular ovary with a single seed;

A

Chenopodiaceae

58
Q

Herbs to trees with bristle-like bracts, a uniseriate perianth of 3-5 parts; basally connate stamens;

A

Amaranthaceae

59
Q

Spiny stem succulents, shoots differentiated, succulent long shoots producing photosynthetic leaves, short shoots (areoles) producing a spine or spine cluster;

A

Cactaceae

60
Q

Leaves adaxially circinate, the blade sensitive and forming a snap trap or covered with conspicuous, tentacle-like, mucilage-secreting hairs;

A

Droseraceae

61
Q

Nodes often swollen; stipules present and connate into an often thin sheath (or ocrea) around the stem;

A

Polygonaceae

62
Q

Epiphytic (=stem) parasites; stems jointed, breaking apart easily at the constricted nodes; flowers +- inconspicuous.

A

Viscaceae

63
Q

Leaves simples; flowers usually +- pendulous; petals usually 4 or 5 and connate, often cylindrical to urn-shaped; stamens 8-10…

A

Ericaceae

64
Q

Leaves simple, sometimes deeply lobed; petals usually 5, connate, often strongly so, and forming a wheel-shaped, bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, or tubular corolla, distinctly plicate (with fold lines)…

A

Solanaceae

65
Q

Stomata paracytic; leaves opposite or whorled, usually entire, stipules present, interpetiolar and usually connate, with colleters on adaxial surface;

A

Rubiaceae

66
Q

Tissues with laticifers and sap usually milky; petals usually 5, connate, forming a wheel-shaped, bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, or tubular corolla, sometimes reflexed…

A

Apocynaceae

67
Q

Hairs various, but often unicellular, with a basal cystolith and often calcified or silicified walls, and the plants rough to the touch;

A

Boraginaceae

68
Q

Hairs, when glandular, head +- globular to ellisoidal, lacking vertical partitions; flowers usually bisexual and bilateral; petals usually 5…

A

Plantaginaceae

69
Q

Hemiparasitic to holoparasitic with a single large or many small haustorial connections to the roots of host plants;

A

Orobanchaceae

70
Q

Stems often square in cross-section, hairs gland-headed, with ethereal oils (including terpinoids); leaves usually opposite;

A

Lamiaceae

71
Q

Stems often hollow in internodal region, with secretory canals containing ethereal oils and resins; triterpenoid saponins, coumarins…

A

Apiaceae

72
Q

Flowers bilateral; pollen large, spiny; style elongate; stigma capitate; nectar produced by closely packed glandular hairs on lower part of corolla tube.

A

Caprifoliaceae

73
Q

Petals usually 5, connate, forming a tubular or bell-shaped corolla, or 2-lipped to 1-lipped and then with variously developed adaxial slit;

A

Campanulaceae

74
Q

Flowers +- densely aggregated into indeterminate heads that are surrounded by an involucre or bracts (phyllaries); petals 5, connate, forming a radial and tubular corolla (disk flower)…

A

Asteraceae

2024 spring (4 decks)

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