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Applied Veterinary Nursing > Wildlife Nursing > Flashcards

Wildlife Nursing Flashcards

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1
Q

What is rehabilitation?

A

The treatment and temporary care of injureed, diseased, and siplaced indigenous animlas, and the subsequent release of healthy animals to appropriate habitats in the wild

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2
Q

Ireland’s Protected Mammals:

A
  • Badger
  • Deer
  • Hedgehog
  • Red squirrel
  • Otter
  • Hare
  • Stoat
  • Pine Marten
  • Bats
  • Pygmy Shrew
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3
Q

Ireland’s Protected Marine Mammals:

A
  • Dolphin
  • Porpoise
  • Seals
  • Whales
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4
Q

Ireland’s Protected Reptiles and Amphibians:

A
  • Common Lizard
  • Marine Turtles
  • Common Frog
  • Smooth Newt
  • Natterjack Toad
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5
Q

Ireland’s Protected Crustaceans and Molluscs:

A
  • Freshwater Crayfish
  • Freshwater Pearl
    Mussel
  • Kerry Slug
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6
Q

Ireland’s Unproteted Species:

A
  • Rabbits
  • Foxes
  • Red Squirrels
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7
Q

Rehabilitation License

A

One licensed is needed for each protected animal admitted

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8
Q

Act?

A

Wildlife Act 1976-2012

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9
Q

Veterinary Obligations?

A

First Aid, OOH care, [discretionary euthanasia]
NOT ongoing or free treatment
NOT keeping animal alive at all costs

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10
Q

Leave/Reunite:

A

Bright, no obvious injury
Fledgling
Parents nearby
Nest / den nearby

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11
Q

Admit:

A
  • Bleeding, shivering, injuries
  • Lethargic, unresponsive
  • Flies/ants present
  • Approachable
    IF IN DOUBT – ADMIT
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12
Q

Arrival of animal to clinic:

A
  • out of reception asap (stress, prevent escape)
  • record taking
    *rescuer/finder info (name, address, phone, email) where found, when captured, contact with animal? (food etc)
    WHERE, WHAT, WHEN and WHY?
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13
Q

Why keep records?

A

Vital
Care - to provide professional care and treatment
Prophylaxis – preventative measures
Planning - annual casualty trends

Useful
Early detection of disease trends
Identify environmental risks
Identify crime/disease hotspots
Information to researchers

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14
Q

Rehabilitation means:

A
  • Legitimate rescue
  • Temporary care
  • Subsequent release
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15
Q

Why euthanise?

A
  • No quality of life when recovered
  • If all canine teeth need removing
  • Permanent jaw damage
  • Loss of sight/hearing
  • Loss of flight
  • Chronic arthritis or predisposition to arthritis
  • Non-native species that you cannot release
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16
Q

Euthanasia - specied specific

A
  • Limb amputation necessary
  • Hydrocephalus - otter / fox / pine marten
  • Insufficient dentition to feed independently
  • Bovine TB
  • Recurrent malocclusion - lagomorphs / squirrel
  • Permanent injuries to thumbs or toes hindering grooming etc
  • bats
17
Q

Where to find advice?

A

www.irishwildlifematters.ie

18
Q

Stress Triggers:

A
  • Unfamiliar smells
  • Loud noise
  • Excessive handling
  • Pain and injuries
  • Long journeys
  • Other animals/overcrowding
  • Lack of food or water
19
Q

Stress - positives

A
  • Strive to get food
  • Build good nests for their young
  • Stimulates adrenaline to help with escape and defence
  • Decreases digestion rates to hold onto food and energy in
    times of famine
  • Increases heart and breathing rates
20
Q

Stress - negatives

A

Continuous stress can cause constant adrenaline production
and a change in metabolism:
* Muscle dies from lactic acid build up – ‘capture myopathy’
* Dehydration
* Starvation
* Suppressed immune system
*Hair or feather loss
Unfortunately, too much stress can be fatal

21
Q

Stress - Signs:

A

Most of the signs are physiological…
* Making noise
*Eyes wide
* Attempt to hide/flee
* Increased breathing rate
*Tremors
* Lack of interest in food or water
*Temperature change

22
Q

Stress reduction when handling:

A

*Restrain quickly and
confidently
* Cover their eyes
* Handle for the shortest
time possible
* Have all equipment ready
before handling

23
Q

Stress Reduction day to day:

A
  • No unnecessary handling
  • Naturalised cage
  • Plenty of water
  • Correct diet
24
Q

Hospital Considerations:

A

Prey away from predators
Appropriate food
Cover cage
Privacy within cage
Quiet

25
Q

Clinical Exam:

A

Observe discreetly first
Sick animal puts up little resistance
Handle gently
Cover eyes
PPE!

26
Q

Handling different species:

A

Birds: towel
Raptors: towel, gauntlets (fingers between feet
Foxes: scruff, muzzle
Deer: towel
Hedgehogs: uncurl / isoflourane
Badgers: Dog catcher / crush cage - sedate
vs muzzle and wrap in heavy vetbed

27
Q

Badger entanglement:

A
  • Use dog grasper +/- towel and physical restraint, while
    other person works to free the animal
  • Release if animal is totally unharmed, normally take in for
    assessment
28
Q

First Aid

A
  • Warmth
  • Analgesia
  • Fluid therapy
    IV, PO, SC, IP, IO
    Assume 5-10 % dehydration
  • Treat infections
    broad spectrum antibiotics
  • Wound management
    wet to dry dressings
29
Q

Which fluid?

A

hartmanns is good all encompassing IV fluid
oral - critical care formula eg emeraid

30
Q

How much fluids?

A

1-2% bodyweight, repeat 4-5x per day

31
Q

The casualty is an unresponsive 150g hedgehog with a small
oozing leg wound.
What is your treatment plan?

A

1.5 - 3ml fluid subcut 4-5xper day

32
Q

dangers of nutrition:

A

Ad-lib feeding may lead to refeeding syndrome:
* A period of starvation causes changes in metabolism
* Minerals are depleted
* Mineral deficit can lead to Na and fluid retention and
cause cardiac and respiratory failure

33
Q

To avoid refeeding syndrome:

A
  • Nutrition is provided gradually
  • 50 - 80% of normal energy requirement is offered for
    first few days
  • Vitamin and mineral supplements for first 10 days
  • Where casualties are too weak to feed normally
    alternative products e.g. liquid feeds can be used
    PAIN RELIEF IS ALSO IMPORTANT!
34
Q

Injuries - treatment:

A

Lacerations
Bite wounds - shouldn’t be closed up ( contaminated)
Degloving injuries - may need advancement flaps/surgery. Will heal with time, but faster if stitch up
Gunshot injuries - don’t need to fish out bullet. Give antibiotics
Pressure wounds

35
Q

Anaesthesia Considerations:

A
  • Heat
  • Analgesia
  • Fluids – iv or io for longer procedures
  • Airway
  • Ventilation – birds!
  • Recovery area

Applied Veterinary Nursing (3 decks)

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