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Wildlife & Exotics Yr1 > Wildlife legislations > Flashcards

Wildlife legislations Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 species listed as ‘alien’ or invasive, under the Invasive Alien Species Order 2019

A
  1. Grey squirrel
  2. Egyptian geese
  3. Muntjac deer
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2
Q

Who has the right to claim ownership of any mute, unmarked swans that swim in open water?

A

The late Queen, now the King

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3
Q

What is the aim of the Wildlife & Countryside Act of 1981?

A

Essentially, to protect wildlife in Britain

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4
Q

What 5 areas does the Wildlife & Countryside Act of 1981 cover?

A
  1. Wildlife protection, including protection of wild birds, their eggs, nests.
  2. Protection of other wild animals + plants
  3. Nature conversation, countryside + national parks
  4. Public rights of way
  5. Miscellaneous provisions
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5
Q

What does the National Parks & Access to the Countryside Act of 1949 aim to do?

A

The act allows the creation of national parks + areas of outstanding beauty in England + Wales

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6
Q

What does the Hedgerow’s regulations of 1977 aim to do?

A

The act acquires permission to be sought to remove hedgerows from local authorities

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7
Q

What does the Wild Mammals (Protection) Act of 1996 aim to do?

A

This act offers a form of protection to all wild species of mammals + is more of an animal welfare than a conservation act

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8
Q

What does the Protection of Badgers of 1992 aim to do?

A

This animal welfare legislation protect badgers + their setts.
+
Makes it illegal to:
* Willfully capture, injure or kill a wild badger
* Be in possession of a live or dead badger
* Destroy or obstruct access to an active badger sett

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9
Q

What are the primary reason to why badgers are culled?

A

To prevent the spread of TB

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10
Q

True or False.

TB is asymptomatic in badgers.

A

True!

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11
Q

(Once infected from badgers)

What method of transmission spreads TB, from cattle?

A

Direct transmission

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12
Q

What are the 2 primary methods in which wild badgers are culled, to prevent the spread of TB?

A
  1. Free shooting
  2. Cage shooting
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13
Q

What particular organisation is strongly opposed to badger culling + refuses to cull badgers on their land?

A

The Wildlife Trust

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14
Q

Under the Wild Mammals Protection Act of 1996, what is considered an offence?

A

It is an offence to:

  • Mutilate
  • Kick
  • Beat
  • Nail
  • Impale
  • Stab
  • Burn
  • Stone
  • Crush
  • Drown
  • Drag
  • Asphyxiate

to any wild animal, with the intention of inflicting suffering

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15
Q

Under the Wild Mammals Protection Act of 1996, what is not considered an offence?

A
  • The person can prove that the animal was seriously disabled + was killed quickly + humanely
  • The animal had been injured during a lawful shooting, hunting or pest control
  • If the act was performed by means of a snare, trap, dog or bird lawfully used for the purpose of killing a wild mammal
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16
Q

When taking in a wildlife casualty, what 2 legislations must you be aware of?

A
  1. The Wildlife & Countryside Act of 1981
    +
  2. The Wildlife & Natural Environment Act of 2011
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17
Q

What must be considered when taking in a Bird Of Prey (BOP)?

A

They are ringed + registered

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18
Q

True or False.

The wildlife legislations permit the taking of injured wildlife for tending, until its fit to be released

A

True

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19
Q

When a member of the public calls into the VP, after coming across a wild animal that requires veterinary treatment.

When it comes to rescuing it from its location, what 3 things must you consider?

A
  1. Access
  2. Trespassing
  3. Methods of trapping
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20
Q

What legislation covers the transportation of wild animals?

A

The Welfare of Animals Order of 2006

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21
Q

What does the Welfare of Animals Order of 2006 require for animals being transported?

A

They are:
* Fit to travel
* Cannot be transported, if it will cause more injury or unnecessary suffering
* Their basic welfare needs must be catered for

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22
Q

What basic welfare needs must be catered for according to the Welfare of Animals Order of 2006?

A

They must have a suitable provision of:
* Container
* Vehicle
* Food
* Water
* Ventilation
* Temperature
* Attendance, for support

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23
Q

When releasing a widlife casualty back into the wild, what does the wildlife legilsation acquire from veterinary professionals?

A

VPs are obliged to return the casualty to the wild as soon as no longer disabled

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24
Q

What 2 wildlife legislations require to be balanced, in order to release a wildlife casualty?

A
  1. The Animal Welfare Act of 2006
    +
  2. The Wildlife & Countryside Act of 1981
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25
Q

What needs to be balanced when releasing a wild animal back into the wild, between the Animal Welfare Act of 2006 + the Wildlife & Countryside Act of 1981?

A

The duty to avoid unnecessary suffering + adhere to the animal’s welfare needs

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26
Q

Why should you take consideration when releasing certain wildlife, such as rabbits + deer?

A

Take into consideration that these types may become pests

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27
Q

List the 5 welfare needs for all animals

A
  1. Suitable environment
  2. Suitable diet
  3. Able to exhibit natural behaviour patterns
  4. Can be housed with or apart from other animals
  5. To be protected from suffering, injury + disease
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28
Q

What is the act that covers the abandoning of wild animals?

A

The Abandonment of Animals Act of 1960

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29
Q

What does the Abandonment of Animals Act of 1960 make it a criminal offence to do?

A

To abandon or permit an animal to be abandoned, in circumstances likely to cause the animal any unnecessary suffering

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30
Q

Why is important to adhere to the Abandonment of Animals Act of 1960 when in the VP?

A

Because if you release an animal that is not able to survive in the wild, it is therefore an offence

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31
Q

What is the name given to an animal that is not native to the UK or an area that they are not originated from?

A

Non-indigenous

Also known as:
* Alien
* Non-native

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32
Q

What act prevents the ban of hunting wild animals, such as:
* Foxes
* Deer
* Hares
* Mink
Using dogs, to flush them out?

A

The Hunting Act of 2004

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33
Q

When is stocking or flushing wild animals exempt, in accordance to the Hunting Act of 2004?

A

When it prevents or reduces serious damage caused by wild animals to:
* Livestock
* Game birds
* Food for livestock
* Timers
* Fisheries

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34
Q

True or false.

Bats are protected in the UK, but their roots are not.

A

False, their roots are also protected

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35
Q

What is considered an offence when it comes to wild bats in the UK?

A
  • Kill
  • Injure
  • Take
  • Deliberately distub a bat
  • Damage, destroy or obstruct a bat’s roots
  • Possess or transport a bat (unlawfully)
36
Q

If bats are present at a building or demoltion work site, what is it an illegal requirement to do?

A

It is a legal requirement to contact the Scottish Natural Heritage before they are disturbed or any work is carried out

37
Q

True or False.

Wild animals can be owned whilst they are alive.

A

False, they cannot be owned.

However, in some circumstances, they can be a ‘qualified owner’.

38
Q

What does it mean to be qualified owner, when it comes to the law surrounding the consent of wild animals?

A

Qualified ownership means that there is no permanent right to the animal

Unlike domesticated animals, which are seen as possessions

39
Q

Give 3 examples of qualified ownership in wild animals

A
  1. Wild animals born on a person’s land
  2. Hunting rights
  3. Tame + reclaimed wild animals
40
Q

What is an example taming + reclaiming wild animals?

A

Doves being kept in a dove coop, deer or sanctury

41
Q

What can be ambigious when is comes to taming + reclaming wild animals?

A

Because there are legislations which are in place to prevent MOP from:
* Taming
* Claiming
* Taking wild animals

42
Q

What is the only example to when a wild animal can be fully, legally granted ownership when it comes to wild animals?

A

If it is deceased + died on that person’s land, known as ‘reduced into possession’

43
Q

When is ‘reduced into possession’ void, when it comes to wild animals?

A

If the person claiming ownership does not have a permit or license to shoot the animal.

Therefore, it would fall back to the person with the sporting or gaming rights

44
Q

What are the 3 R’s when it comes to considering the legislation around wildlife in the VP?

A
  • Rescue
  • Rehabilitation
  • Release
45
Q

When it come to protecting badgers and their setts, what is considered illegal to do, under the Protection of Badgers Act of 1992?

A
  • Kill
  • Injure
  • Take
  • Dig for badgers
  • Possess a dead badger or any parts of them
  • Mark
  • Ring
  • Tag
  • Get or allow a dog to enter a sett
  • Damge or prevent access to a sett
46
Q

What is considered exempt or legal to do, under the Protection of Badgers Act of 1992?

A
  • Damage a sett - unwittingly, during a lawful action
  • Ethuanise an injured badger
  • Take + treat an injured badger or rear cubs, if released as soon as possible
47
Q

When is the someone not not guilty of an offence, according to The Wild Mammals (Protection) Act of 1996 ?

A
  • They can prove that an animal was seriously disabled + killed quickly + humanely
  • The animal has been injured during lawful shooting, hunting or pest control
  • If the act was performed by means of a snare, trap, dog or bird lawfully used for the purpose of killing a wild mammal
48
Q

True or False.

Wild mammals have protection under The Wildlife & Countryside Act (WCA) of 1982.

A

False, they do not

49
Q

Are bats + their roots protected uder the WCA of 1982?

A

Yes

50
Q

Are birds protected under the WCA of 1982?

A

Yes

51
Q

What is considered an offence when releasing a certain type of wild animal, according to the WCA of 1982?

A

It’s an offence under the WCA of 1982, to keep or release a non-indigenous species back into the wild

52
Q

How should wild animals be cared for, whilst in the VP?

A

In a way that ensure they can returned, without being tamed + are provided with adequate hoursing, with minimal contact as possible to reduce habituation

53
Q

What happens if a wild animal cannot be returned to the wild?

A

They have to euthanaised

Otherwise known as ‘humane destruction’

54
Q

Who enforces the Wildlife & Countryside Act of 1981?

A

The Department of the Environment
+
The Police

55
Q

True or False.

The exit of the EU has changed the Wildlife & Countryside Act of 1981 + brought new ammendments with it.

A

True

56
Q

What is a principle source of information when dealing with a wildlife rescue or rehabilitaation?

A

Guidance given by The Wildlife & Countryside Act of 1981

57
Q

Name the legislation which governs the import + export of endangered species in the UK

A

The Endangered Species (Import & Export) Act of 1976

58
Q

What is CITES?
+
What do they regulate?

A

CITES = Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

(Of Wild Fauna + Flora)

59
Q

What is the governing management authority in the UK?

A

Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs
(DEFRA)

60
Q

Who carries out the enforcement for CITES?

A

Customs + Excise, at the borders + inland by the Police + DEFRA’s Wildlife

61
Q

What legislation protects animals in activities that could be determimental to animal welfare, including:
* Disease control
* Mutiliation of an animal’s body
* Poisoning animals
* Engaging in animal fights

A

The Animal Health & Welfare (Scotland) Act of 2006

62
Q

True or False.

Young wild animals will belong to the landowner, who’s owns that land.

A

True

63
Q

True or False.

Once someone has taken ownership, a consent from for the treatment/disposal of that animal, must be obtained by the attending VP

A

True

64
Q

When rehabilitating a wild animal, what 2 pieces of information must be required from the person who took that animal and signed by the finder, in order to comply with legislations?

A
  1. History
  2. Written agreement to transfer ownership
65
Q

Name a legislation what covers the wildlife legslation of marine animals in Scotland?

A

The Marine (Scotland) Act of 2010

66
Q

Name the 6 questions that must be answered and taken into consideration prior to release of a wild, rehabilitated animal?

A
  1. Is the animal suitable to be rehabilitated?
  2. Do we have suitable facilities?
  3. Has the animal been raised appropriately?
  4. Is the animal fit to be released?
  5. Do we have a suitable release sight?
  6. Does this comply with the legislations?
67
Q

What disease do grey squirrels carry that is asymptomatic and endagers red squirrels, the natural ecosystem + food chain?

A

Squirrel Pox
Caused by the poxyvirus, Squirrel Fibroma Virus (SFV)

Also called ‘Squirrel Fibroma’

68
Q

True or False.

A licence is legally required in order to release a non-indigenous species.

A

True, very rare to obtain

69
Q

If a MOP learnt that the non-indigenous species that they rescued and brought to the VP for treatment has to be euthanised, by law and they run off with it, what can you do?

A

Call the police

70
Q

If a seal pup has been left on its own, with no mother in the area, what should you do?

A

Leave the pup alone, as seal pup mothers leave their pups in order to hunt for food in deeper waters, to bring back for their young

  • You may consider coming back to check every couple of hours to ensure the pup is okay from a distance
  • You may only consider taking a seal pup if it has been left alone for more than 24hrs
71
Q

What months of the year may you commonly see seal pups, in general?

A

June > September

72
Q

What months of the year may you commonly see grey seal pups?

A

All year round

73
Q

What colour coats do seal pup’s usually have?

A

White

74
Q

What colour coats do seal juvenile’s usually have?

A

Spotty

75
Q

List 6 rehabilitation centres or organisations that can be found in the UK

A
  1. SSPCA (Scotland)
  2. RSPCA (England)
  3. RSPB
  4. Barn Owl Trust
  5. Hedge Hog Sanctuary
  6. Seal Sanctuary
76
Q

True or False.

Not all sancturies are licensed + are able to euthanise widlife that requries it, for welfare reasons.

A

True

77
Q

Are most wildlfie sanctuaries licensed?

A

No

78
Q

What species may there be niche rehabilitation centres for?

A
  • Birds Of Prey
  • Swan Sanctuaries
  • Seal Sanctuaries
79
Q

What can rehabilitation centres provide, that most VP’s cannot usually?

A
  • Outside facilities
  • Pre-release facilities
  • Can segregate predator + prey species
  • Wealth of knowledge in staff
  • Multi-species + single species establishments
  • Great species-size specific enclosures

Note:
* They are reliable
* Vital = maintain a good relationship

80
Q

What type of species can spread athe zoonotic disease, Brucellosis?

A

Marine animals

81
Q

List 3 types of wildlife diseases

A
  1. Rabies
  2. Lyssovirus
  3. Avian Flu
82
Q

List 2 types of ecto-parasites than can be found on wildlife animals

A
  1. Ticks
  2. Fleas
83
Q

Hint.. think about foxes..

Name 2 potential integument diseases that can be a danger from wildlife

A
  1. Sarcoptes
  2. Mange
84
Q

Why are aerosols such a danger to birds?

A

Because they have sensitiive respiratory tracts and can kill

Perhaps due to extreamly efficent respiratory system, using 2 inhalations to gain as much oxygen as possible during flight, therefore the toxins will be inhaled twice as much?

85
Q
A

Wildlife & Exotics Yr1 (26 decks)

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