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Wildlife Ecology > Wildlife Lab Exam > Flashcards

Wildlife Lab Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of Canidae skulls

A
  • Very well-developed carnassial teeth
  • Nearly complete complement of teeth
  • Molars behind carnassial teeth with crushing surfaces
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2
Q

Wolf vs. Coyote

A

Wolf:

  • Wolves carry tail straight
  • Tail is long and bushy
  • Wolves have a broad snout
  • Coat of wolves can vary
  • Ear small

Coyote:

  • Tail usually carried down
  • Narrow snout
  • Colour usually light
  • Large ears relative to head
  • Long legs compared to body
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3
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of Ursidae skull

A
  • Lack pronounced carnassial pair

- Long rostrum but small orbits

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4
Q

Black Bear vs. Grizzly Bear

A

Black Bear:

  • Lack shoulder hump
  • Straight face profile
  • Long ears
  • Shorter claws

Grizzly Bear:

  • Shoulder hump
  • Concave face profile
  • Short ears
  • Longer claws
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5
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of Procyonidae (Racoon) skull

A
  • No pronounced carnassial pair

- Only 2 lower molars are present

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6
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of Mustelidae skulls

A
  • Only one upper molar

- Have pronounced carnassial teeth

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7
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of Felidae skulls

A
  • Short face / rostrum
  • Have carnassial shear
  • Only one molar on top and bottom
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8
Q

Bobcat vs. Lynx

A

Bobcat:

  • Smaller
  • Short tail with black tip on dorsal side only
  • Short/absent ear tufts
  • Spotted coat
  • Smaller feet

Lynx

  • Larger
  • Short tail with black tip on dorsal and ventral side
  • Long ear tufts
  • Silver to grey fur
  • Very large feet
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9
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of Otariidae (eared seals)

A
  • Small external ear pinna

- Homodont, polydont teeth

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10
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of Phocidae (true seals) skulls

A
  • Homodont, polydont teeth

- No pinna

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11
Q

Squirrel wildlife damage characteristics

A
  • > 6 cm dbh

- Rectangular

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12
Q

Snowshoe hare damage

A
  • <6 cm dbh

- shaggy shavings

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13
Q

Mountain beaver damage

A
  • Laterals have been chewed off

- Large teeth (compared to vole)

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14
Q

Vole damage

A
  • Little teeth
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15
Q

Beaver damage

A
  • Large incisors
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16
Q

Ungulate damage

A
  • Antler rubbing = debarking, lots of strips
17
Q

Artiodactyla vs. Perissodactyla

A
  • Artiodactyla have only 2 lower incisors

- Perissodactyla have 2 upper and 2 lower incisors

18
Q

Moose vs. elk skulls

A
  • Both have low vomer (bone doesn’t go to palate)
  • Elk has maxillary canine
  • Moose does not have maxillary canine
19
Q

Caribou skull

A
  • High vomer

- Has maxillary canines

20
Q

White tail vs mule deer skull

A
  • Both have high vomer
  • Both have no maxillary
  • Mule deer has a deep indentation under eye, white-tail has shallow depression
21
Q

Phocidae (true seals) vs. otaridae skulls (eared seals)

A

Phocidae

  • Don’t have supraorbital processes
  • Have inflated bulla
  • non-conical teeth

Otariidae

  • Have supra orbital processes
  • less inflated bulla
  • Conical teeth
22
Q

Mephitidae vs mustelidae skulls

A

Mephitidae
- palate doesn’t extend past last molar

Mustelidae

  • Palate extends past last molar
  • right angled molars
23
Q

Procyonidae skull characteristics

A
  • Palate extends past last mlar

- Lack carnassial teeth

24
Q

Mustelid prints

A
  • 5 digits
  • inverted chevron
  • 1:3:1
25
Q

Bear skull

A
  • Lack carnassial teeth
26
Q

Dog skull

A
  • Carnassial teeth
  • Lots of teeth
  • Long rostrum
27
Q

Cat skull

A
  • Short rostrum
  • Carnassial teeth
  • Barely any teeth
28
Q

Dog print

A
  • More rectangular
  • Claws show
  • 1 lobe on front of pad
29
Q

Cat print

A
  • Round
  • Claws don’t usually show
  • 2 lobes on top
30
Q

Difference between male/female mountain goats

A

Male:

  • Horns taper with gradual curve
  • Larger horn base

Female:

  • Horns taper with sharper curve
  • Wider space between horns
31
Q

Mule deer antlers vs. white-tailed deer antlers

A

Mule:
- Main beam branches to produce fork

White-tailed
- Tines come off of the main beam (no forking)

Wildlife Ecology (12 decks)

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