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Lacofd Captains Exam > Wildland Handbook > Flashcards

Wildland Handbook Flashcards

1
Q

The A in LACES stands for what?

A

Awareness

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2
Q

Give snags what percent margin uphill and downhill?

A

50 and 150 downhill

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3
Q

Never work within how many ft of a high voltage tower or pole structure

A

35 ft

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4
Q

The weather factors that can effect the start and spread of a woodland fire are what?

A

Wind
Humidity
Temp
Precipitation

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5
Q

The layer of atmosphere closest to the ground is called the what?

A

Troposphere

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6
Q

An approaching cold front is an indication of what?

A

Wind

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7
Q

Wind speed is determined by what?

A

The pressure gradient

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8
Q

Typical cold front wind speeds range from what to what?

A

10 to 30 mph

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9
Q

Santa Ana chinook and mono are local names for what?

A

Fohen winds

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10
Q

Downburst are caused by what collapsing?

A

Thunderstorms

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11
Q

What is an indicator that a thunderstorm has matured and downdraft winds may be in the future?

A

Virgo

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12
Q

If the rh is at _ percent or lower fires will burn freely?

A

30

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13
Q

If rh is at_ percent or below, the fire danger is critical and extreme fire behavior is possible?

A

10

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14
Q

For every 20 degree increase in temperature the rh drops by how much?

A

One half

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15
Q

The presence of an inversion later indicates what?

A

The air is very stable.

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16
Q

Cumulus and cumulonimbus are clouds that have bases at what height?

A

1500 to 10,000 ft

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17
Q

What are middle level clouds with a base between 6500 and 20,000 ft?

A

Alto clouds

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18
Q

What are low level clouds with a base at or below 6,500 ft?

A

Strato clouds

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19
Q

What are high clouds with a base of 20,000 ft?

A

Cirro clouds

20
Q

The three principal environmental elements affecting wildland fires are what?

A

Fuel
Weather
Topography

21
Q

On a moderate slope of 30% rate of spread is increased by a factor of what?

A

2

22
Q

On steep slopes of what percent the rate of spread will again double?

A

55%

23
Q

What is the name for the direction a slope is facing?

A

Aspect

24
Q

When will south and west facing slopes normally burn hotter?

A

Afternoon

25
Q

What aspects are most vulnerable to fire?

A

South and southwest

26
Q

What fuels dry out earlier in the year?

A

Fuels at lower elevations

27
Q

Fire is a chemical chain reaction called what?

A

Rapid oxidation

28
Q

Light fuels are also referred to as what kind of fuels?

A

Fine or flashy

29
Q

What are the three groups fuels are divided into?

A

Ground fuels
Surface fuels
Aerial fuels

30
Q

What is considered a surface fuel?

A

Grass Forrest litter and brush up to 6 ft

31
Q

What fuels do fires usually start in?

A

Surface fuels

32
Q

What are considered aerial fuels?

A

6 ft or higher

33
Q

Fuel loads range from what to what in grass?

A

1-3 tons per acre

34
Q

Fuel loads range from what in timber?

A

200 tons per acre

35
Q

For every 18 degree increase in temperature fire does what?

A

Doubles in speed

36
Q

What are the two types of fuel moisture

A

Dead and live

37
Q

Dead fuel moisture is influenced by what?

A

Relative humidity

38
Q

The three factors that affect the start and spread of wildland Fire are what?

A

Moisture content
The size and shape of the fuel
Fuel loading

39
Q

What are the most important fuel components?

A

Fuel moisture and temperature

40
Q

At how many degrees does combustion occur in wildland fires?

A

500 degrees

41
Q

A higher percent of spot fires will occur on what side of a fire?

A

The left side

42
Q

Fire intensity is measured in what 2 ways?

A

Fireline intensity and flame length

43
Q

What is the amount of heat released per foot of fire front per second

A

Fireline

44
Q

Wind pushes fire to burn in what kind of pattern?

A

Oval pattern

45
Q

What pattern do wildland fires generally burn in?

A

Elliptical pattern

Lacofd Captains Exam (7 decks)

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