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Hazards > Wildfires > Flashcards

Wildfires Flashcards

1
Q

6 factors affecting the nature of wildfires

A 
Behaviour of fire
Humidity
Plant type
Wind strength
Amount of vegetation
Topography
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2
Q

5 factors affecting spread

A 
Vertical arrangement of vegetation
Vegetation type
Moisture content 
Topography 
Weather conditions
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3
Q

Ignition sources at least 5

A 
Lighting 
Arson
Spontaneous combustion
Volcanic eruption
Discarded cigarettes 
Campfires
Electrical faults
Controlled burning
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4
Q

8 effects of wildfires

A 
Loss of wildlife
Loss of crops,timber and livestock
Increased flood risk
Loss of life
Loss of property
Released of toxic gases + particulates
Evacuation
Damage to soil nutrient content
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5
Q

Why does LA basin in California have a continuous problem

3 points

A

Area covered by drought resistant chaparral - scrub vegetation - becomes tinder dry after summer drought

Dry wind Santa Ana - descends from local mountains = increases dryness = easy spread of fire

Outside LA centre = low density Bildungsroman - natural vegetation between them

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6
Q

What is the typical distribution of wildfires

A

Mainly rural but due to human expansion of human habitation now occurs in boundaries of settlements in
California
Australia
Southern Europe

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7
Q

What must the regions have to make them susceptible 4

Examples of countries

A

Dry vegetation, dry session , semi-arid climate, susceptible to lightning and droughts m

Australia
USA and Canada, California and Florida
Southern Europe Italy, Greece , Turkey

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8
Q

How are fires and natural ecosystems linked?

A

Fires can clear vegetation - aid new seed germination - stimulate plant growth - rod insects and parasites

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9
Q

What is pyrophytic

A

A species that can withstand fire by specific mechanism

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10
Q

Example of a pyrophytic species

2

A

Baobab tree - resistant bark

Banksia plant - need fire to open woody fruit and regenerate

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11
Q

Loss of life case study fact

A

173 people died in Victoria 2009

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12
Q

Effect of gases case study fact

A

Southeast Asia haze is related to large scale air pollution due to illegal agricultural slash and burn practices in Indonesia

Effects Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia - introduces political dimension

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13
Q

Loss of wildlife case study fact

A

In Indonesia fires of 1997

Erin river oragatan sanctuary was destroyed

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14
Q

7 management strategies

A 
Managing the vegetation
Managing the built environment
Modelling
Education
Warning systems 
Community action
Insurance
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15
Q

Explain managing the vegetation

A

Controlled burning to get rid of litter and creating firebreaks in advance

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16
Q

Explain managing the built environment

A

Increasing the gap between houses and vegetation

Incorporating more fire resistant methods into construction

17
Q

Explain modelling

A

Studying the ways in which fires behave with computer stimulation’s to predict fire behaviour

18
Q

Explain education

A

Education and awareness campaigns on home safety and prevention

Smokey Bear is the biggest in the US

19
Q

Explain warning systems

A

Lookout towers, air patrols

Notice boards in tourist areas

20
Q

Explain community action

A

Local warning systems and emergency plans

Community fire guard in Victoria after the Victoria 1983 fires to help with fire survival strategies

21
Q

Explain Insurance

A

Taking out insurance against fire damage can be very expensive I. Fire prone area

22
Q

3 ways of dealing with a fire as it happens

A

Spraying with water and chemicals from ground and air

Firefighter by beating out flames

Retardants to slow fire

23
Q

2 ways of addressing effects

A

Replanting trees

Added last response and improve on plan and supplies

24
Q

Case study of wildfire

A

Victoria Feb 2009

25
Q

How was Victoria vulnerable

A

Covered by eucalyptus forests which burns easily

Summer climate over 40, low humidity less than 10% and periodic droughts - yonder dey vegetation

High winds over 100km/h

Pressure system meant hot tropical air was directed at area

26
Q

Key facts of Victoria effects

8

A 
173 deaths include 1 firefighter
3,500 properties destroyed 
7000 people displaced 
Over 1 million acres burnt 
Around 12,000 livestock lost
Over 1 million animals died 
Natural parks and protected areas destroyed 
4.4 billion A$ cost
27
Q

Response as a result of Victoria fire

A

October 2009, new fire hazard system- during fire season danger index would be forecast and on high days - evacuation

New buildings regulations

Some Hugh risk areas banned from housing

Hazards (5 decks)

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