wikibooks Python 1 Flashcards by jake arstein

print “hello world”

print (‘hello world’)

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Variable definition

something that holds a value that can change

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Variable in which red is equal to 5

red = 5

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Variable in which blue equals 10

blue = 10

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Program which runs with the variables red and blue based on previous variable assignment placing red and then blue

print (red, blue)

5 10

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Name of Variable location

left of equals sign

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Value of Variable location

right of equals sign

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String definition

a list of characters in order

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Three ways to declare a string

Single quotes (‘)
Double quotes (“)
Triple quotes (“””)

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Escaping the symbol definition

Placing a backslash before a symbol to show that the symbol should be included in the string

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Escaping a quotation mark example

print&raquo_space;> (“So I said, \”You don’t know me! You’ll never understand me!\””)

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Concatenation operator

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Concatenation example

> > > print (“Hello, “ + “world!”)

Hello, world!

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Repeat strings operator

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Repeat strings example

> > > print (“bouncy, “ * 3)

bouncy, bouncy, bouncy,

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Function which finds the length of a string

len()

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Finding string length example

> > > print (len(“Hello, world!”))

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Function that turns a string into an integer

int()

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Function that turns an integer into a string

str()

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Function which outputs the information to the user

print()

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Function which asks the user for a response and returns that response

input()

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Are variables case-sensitive?

yes

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Can spaces be substituted for tabs?

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Object definition

aggregations of code and data which typically represent the pieces in a conceptual model of a system

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Attributes definition

represent various pieces of code and data which make up the object

How to access attribute

object.attribute

Example of upper attribute

‘bob’.upper

Program to make ‘bob’ into ‘BOB’

‘bob’.upper()

Scope definition

a region of code in which a name can be used and outside of which the name cannot be easily accessed

2 ways of delimiting scope

Functions | Modules

Namespace definition

A particular place in which names specific to a module reside

Seven Common Sequence Types

strings, Unicode strings, lists, tuples, bytearrays, buffers, xrange objects

2 Containers for sequential data

Dictionaries | Sets

Accessing characters in strings and elements in arrays

[ ]

Accessing characters in strings example

>>> “Hello, world!” [0] ‘H’ >>> “Hello, world!” [4] ‘o’

Accessing characters in strings negative example

>>> “Hello, world!”[-2] ‘d’ >>> “Hello, world!”[-13] ‘H’

Slicing definition

Using indexes to divide a string into a smaller substring

Slicing Operator

[ : ]

Slicing example

>>> “Hello, world!” [3:9] | ‘lo, wo’

List definition

a list of values, organized in order

List operator

[ ]

Values in list separated by

List example

spam = [“bacon”, “eggs”, 42]

How to access bacon from the list: spam = [“bacon”, “eggs”, 42]

>>> spam[0]

The length of spam. spam = [“bacon”, “eggs”, 42]

>>> len(spam) | 3

Can lists be sliced?

yes

Add items to a list function

append()

Appending items to a list example

>>> spam.append(10) >>>spam [‘bacon’, ‘eggs’, 42, 10]

Inserting an item into a list function

insert()

Inserting item into list example

>>> spam.insert(1, ‘and’) >>> spam [‘bacon’, ‘and’, ‘eggs’, 42, 10]

Deleting items from a list function

del

Delete item from list example

>>> del spam[1] >>> spam [‘bacon’, eggs’, 42, 10]

Tuple definition

list that can’t be changed

Tuple function

Tuple example

unchanging = “rocks”, 0, “the universe”

Dictionary definition

Like a list but not bound to numbers

2 parts of a dictionary element

Key | Value

Dictionary operator

{ }

Separator between key and value

Dictionary example

>>> definitions = {“guava”: “a tropical fruit”, “python”: “a programming language”}

Pulling up a definition example

>>> definitions[“guava”] | ‘a tropical fruit’

Set definition

Like a list but unordered and do not allow duplicate values

Set operator

set([ ])

Set example

>>> mind = set([42, ‘a string’, (23, 4)])

Frozenset definition

an immutable version of a set

Frozenset operator

frozenset([ ])

Frozenset example

>>> frozen=frozenset([‘life’, ‘universe’, ‘everything’])

4 types of data

Numeric Sequences Sets Mappings

4 numeric types

``` int long (only python 2) float complex ```

5 sequence types

``` str bytes (only python 3) byte array (only python 3) list tuple ```

2 set types

set | frozenset

1 mapping type

dict

Mutable objects definition

objects that can be changed after they’re created

Immutable object definition

objects that can’t be changed after they’re made

8 immutable types

int, float, complex, str, bytes, tuple, frozenset, bool

5 mutable types

``` array byte array list set dict ```