Wiki 3 Flashcards
Vitamins are ______ compounds
organic
________ is taking 10 times more than the recommended daily does of vitamins
Megadosing
Water-soluble vitamins travel in the _______ and are readily excreted from the body through ________
travel in the bloodsteam
excreted from the body through urine
Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the ______ and fatty tissues for later use and they are not readily _______ from the body
liver
excreted
___________ regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Severe deficiency in children could cause rickets. It can be found in ________
Vitamin D
Liver, cod liver oil, egg yolks, better, and oily fish, produced in skin by exposure to sunlight
Vitamin K is needed for ________ and can be found in ________
synthesis of prothrombin and bood coagulation (clotting)
kale, collard greens, spinach, broccoli, asparagus, lettuce, soybeans, pickles, pine nuts, blueberries
Deficiency of _______ can slow healing of wounds and fractured bones. It can be found in ___________
Vitamin C
citrius fruits and juices, fruits, vegetables, broccoli, cabbage
Deficiency of _________ can cause impaired development of central nervous system; anencephaly, spina bifida. Because of these risks it is often given to ___________
folic acid
pregnant women
___________ regulates energy metabolism, helps maintain health of skin, tongue, and digestive system.
Niacin/Vitamin B3
___________ is needed as a coenzyme for red blood cell syntheis
Cyanocobalamin/Vitamin B12
What is added to the package insert of a drug by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) due to potentially serious side effects?
Black Box Warning
Minerals are _______ compounds
inorganic
______ is the most abundant mineral in the body. Deficiencies can cause _______
Calcium
numbness and tingling of fingers/toes, positive Chvostek sign, hyperactive reflexes, seizures, dysrhythmias, and muscle cramps
Magnesium deficiency can cause ______. It can be found in ______
tremors, muscle spasms, muscle cramps, numbness in hands or feet, nystagmus, fatigue, weakness, seizures, delierum, arrhythmia
grains, green leafy vegetables, nuts, legumes, oysters, crab, cornmeal
The action of phosphorus includes ______. It can be found in _______.
pH (acid/base) balance, bone and tooth structure, and energy production
milk, cheese, grains, meats, fish, and leafy greens
______ is a component of hemoglobin for oxygen transport, enzymes for energy metabolism. Deficiencies are common in ________
Iron
patients who are menstruating or have blood deficiencies and/or disorders (anemia)
_________ is a major source of morbidity and mortality in patients who suffer from disease because they are much more susceptible to infections and organ failure. It generally results from inadequate intake of protein and calories or from a deficiency of one or more ______ and _______.
Malnutrition
vitamins and minerals
Administration of nutrients directly into veins is know as ________.
parenteral nutrition
_________ is administered orally, either by drinking or by instillation into the stomach through a feeding tube.
enteral nutrition
A high-fiber diety (fruits, grains, nuts, vegetables), adequate hydration (8-10 oz glasses of water daily) and daily exercise can eliminate most cases of _______
constipation
If diarrhea is severe or prolonged, it may cause ________, electrolyte depletion, and physical exhaustion. Treatment with _______ therapy depends on the cause of the diarrhea.
dehydration
antidiarrheal
Who monitors and manages controlled substances in the United States?
The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
For thousands of years, civilizations have depended on substances found in nature to __________
treat illnesses
______ medicines are defined as natural substances of botanical or plant origin and are considered alternative medicines
Herbal
_____ is an anticoagulant that works by reducing platelet aggregation, which means it prevents platelets from clumping together and clotting blood. Nurses should monitor patients for ________
Garlic
signs of bleeding
Ginko biloba extract is a smooth muscle ____ and visodialitor that ______ blood flow in arteries and capilaries.
relaxant
improves
St. John’s wort is used orally to treat _______ and to heal woulds. A serious adverse effect is _________ symptoms associated with it are confusion, agitation, shivering, fever, diaphoresis, nausea, diarrhea, muscle spasms, and tremor.
depression
serotonin syndrome
Melatonin is best known as a _____. Melatonin may add to _____ caused by alcohol, benzodiazepines, sleep aids, and other sedative-hypnotics. Do not administer melatonin to patients already receiving any of these medications without healthcare provider approval.
sleep aid
CNS depression
_______ raises blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility and acts as a diuretic. It has been shown to lower cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and riase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level. Adverse effects are an extension of the pharmacologic effects of _______: anxiety, nervousness, headache, diuresis, insomia, tremor, irratibility, papitations, and dysrhythmias
green tea
caffine
Dietary supplement therapy under the current legal standards creates an eithical dilemma for nures and other healthcare professionals. Licensed healthcare professoinals have a moral and theical responsibility to recommend only medicines that are proven t obe safe and effective. Regarding dietary supplements, including herbal medicnines, the healthcar professional should be aware of their ______ verses their _____, their potential for toxicity, and their poteintal for interatciotn with other medicines.
legal use versus their popular use
________ is an antibiotic that acts by interfering with several bacterial enzyme systems. Thsi antibiotic is not effective agains microorganisms in the blood or in tissues outside the ______. It is active against many gram-positive and gram-negative organisms (E. Faecalis, E. coli, Proteus).
Nitrofurantoin
Urinary tract
________ is a prasympathetic nerve stimulant that causes contraction of the detursor urinae muscle in the bladder, ususally resulting in urnation. It is used in cases of ________ urinary retention particularly in postop and postpartum patients, to restore bladder tone and urination.
Bethanechol
nonobstructive
What is administered if a patient comes into the Primary Care Outpatient office and is suspected of having a myocardial infarction (MI)?
Aspirin
